1. How do engineers make cyber networks safer? 

Engineers work hard to beef up cyber networks in a few very big ways. They build in strong security features like firewalls and encryption to keep hackers out and data safe. They make sure systems are always updated with the latest patches and fixes to plug up any holes that hackers could sneak through and ensure continued protection. They regularly test networks for weaknesses and monitor them closely for any suspicious activity that could signal an attack has or is happening. Another key thing that engineers do is educate users and staff on best practices for staying safe online, like using strong passwords, safe internet usage habits, how to spot a suspicious download and recognizing phishing scams. They also team up with cybersecurity experts and law enforcement to share info and stay on top of new threats. 

2. What is the overlap between criminal justice and cybercrime? How does this overlap relate to the other disciplines discussed in this class? 

Criminal justice and cybercrime cross paths in a few important ways, most notably law enforcement agents investigate cybercrimes like hacking, identity theft, and online scams. They use digital forensics to gather evidence from computers and devices to make their cases. Criminal justice sets laws and regulations to prosecute cybercriminals. These laws cover everything from data breaches to online fraud, which in turn these new regulations and laws make their way back to cybersecurity experts who must implement them. Another way in which the criminal justice system intersects with cybercrime is that Police and government agencies work to prevent cybercrimes through public awareness campaigns and education. They teach people how to stay safe online and report cyber incidents, thus preventing, or at least attempting to prevent cybercrime. 

This overlap relates to other disciplines that we have discussed because it aids in illustrating the interconnectedness of cybersecurity concepts to all other things. Cyber security concepts reach into essentially every other discipline and shape the way things are done in numerous ways.