Engineers make cyber networks safer by developing a secure trustworthy system that meets the stakeholders needs depending on mission, business, and array of other objectives and concerns. Today’s systems are more complex and ever evolving and security engineers must manage this and attain a level of confidence or know-how and design in order for a system to function securely as intended. They must also understand the scope of threats, hazards, and risks for the system to meet expectations and look at every aspect of activity to prevent unwanted consequences. Engineering provides the foundation to create a trustworthy secure system. In context, trustworthiness is being able to trust that the system will execute all critical functions and meet requirements for particular components. Depending on limitations and constraints, no system is completely invulnerable, and the skill level or intelligence of the adversary also plays a huge role and that being said, leaves a lot of unknowns and ultimately determines how secure a system really is.

The overlap between cybercrime and criminal justice is breaking the law or illegally using technology to commit crimes. Cybercrime is on the rise and new laws are still being made while criminal justice institutions are still researching new areas of crime to fully understand them and be able to prosecute cyber criminals and online attackers. Such cybercrimes are hacking, online fraud, identity theft, cyberbullying, and trafficking uses cyber technologies as well. These types of crimes are more complex than traditional crimes since they can be committed anywhere in the world and criminals can do this from the safety of their computer screens which also makes them harder to locate. It’s much harder to prosecute someone when all you have go on is what they did over a cyber network. Oftentimes cybercriminals are also able to operate without the knowledge of the victim and by the time a crime is reported and if there is a way to report it, unfortunately it could already be too late.