Article #1 Review:
Connecting Cybercrime to AI
Ayannia Gamble
School of Cybersecurity, Old Dominion University CYSE
201s: Cybersecurity and the Social Sciences
February 20, 2025
Introduction
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technology tool that helps machines learn and make decisions independently. Unfortunately, cybercriminals are using AI to commit malicious crimes, such as “drafting phishing emails and malware codes” (Shetty, S.). This Article looks at how AI is linked to cybercrime and stresses the importance of safe use of this technology.
Relation to the Social Sciences
The article relates to a couple of social science principles, including objectivity, empiricism, and determinism. The study shows objectivity by focusing on facts rather than their personal opinions. Researchers analyzed AI’s role in cybercrime through data collected from interviews, tools, and online forums, making sure to stick to facts in their findings. Researchers also use empiricism, using real evidence like AI-generated prompts to understand how cybercriminals misuse these technologies (Shetty, 2024, p.30). Lastly, the studies reflect determinism by showing how advancements in AI have made it easier for criminals to commit online crimes.
Research Questions/ Hypotheses
The study points out three main research questions related to the connection between AI and cybercrime. First, it asks how information about the harmful use of AI is shared and transferred between the dark web and the clear web. Second, it explores how media and the spread of false information tie into AI cybercrimes. Lastly, it looks at how individual cyber hygiene practices can be improved to reduce the risks associated with AI-based threats (Shetty, 2024, p.32). The hypotheses are implied rather than stated but can be inferred from the research focus.
Background Study
The study used qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the role of AI in cybercrime. The study collected 102 malicious AI prompts from the dark and clear web. The records showed software used for input, like ChatGPT, and screenshots of these prompts were collected for data also (Shetty, 2024, p.33). They got qualitative insights from interviews with six experts in cybersecurity and criminal justice. For data analysis, the researchers identify recurring themes related to AI misuse. They also used Cyber Routine Activities Theory (RAT), which shows how risky online behavior increases vulnerability to cybercrime.
Connection to Course
The article connects to what we talked about in class, like archival research and surveys. The researchers looked at web forums on the dark web, just like how archival research uses the same method. Researchers also did different interviews with experts, which is another way of doing surveys. It shows how using different methods helps understand big problems like cybercrime.
Marginalized Groups
The topic relates to marginalized groups because they face more challenges when it comes to the use of AI and cybercrime. They’re often targeted since they don’t understand the true risks of cybercrimes. They have less access to cybersecurity resources. These groups experience greater financial impacts from attacks like identity theft. Including this group, we can focus on better tools to keep them safe online.
Contribution for Society
The study raises cybersecurity awareness by showing how AI is used in cybercrime, helping people understand new threats and safer online options. Also, the Cyber RAT framework suggests ways to improve digital safety, like better tools and policies, which can help vulnerable people.
Conclusion
In conclusion, AI is a technology tool that helps machines learn and make decisions independently. The research used different methods like surveys and archival research to get a better understanding of what’s going on and how AI is being misused in cybercrime. The understanding of social science and its principles helped explore why cyber criminals perform such actions. Technology is going to continue to rise and the protection against the individuals misusing should rise too.
Reference
Shetty, S., Choi, K.-S., & Park, I. (n.d.). Investigating the intersection of AI and cybercrime: Risks, trends, and countermeasures. Virtual Commons – Bridgewater State University.
Article #2 Review:
Cyberbullying-Related Stress in Female Workforces
Ayannia Gamble
School of Cybersecurity, Old Dominion University CYSE
201s: Cybersecurity and the Social Sciences
April 12, 2025
Technology usage is a growing part of our everyday lives. As people use technology more the risk of online bullying also increases. This cyberbullying can also transfer into workspaces. Unfortunately, female employees tend to get the detrimental effect of this, experiencing a negative impact on their psychological well-being. This article explores the specific effects of workplace cyberbullying on female employees.
Relation to the Principles of Social Sciences
The article on workplace cyberbullying among female employees connects to some key principles of social science. The study uses relativism, which comes into play by understanding how culture or organizational norms influence what counts as cyberbullying. In Saudi Arabia, where the study is based, gender roles influence both the prevalence of cyberbullying and its impact on female employees. The study also reflects objectivity by using empirical data and validated instruments to measure variables like psychological stress and job satisfaction, ensuring they study this value-free. Lastly, the study shows determinism by showing how technological advancements influenced behavior and workplace dynamics contributing to the increasing evidence of cyberbullying among female employees( AI Doghan and Arshad, 2023, p. 166).
Research Questions/ Hypotheses
The study addresses five hypotheses to investigate the impact of workplace cyberbullying on female employees. AI Doghan and Arshad (2023) hypothesized that “workplace cyberbullying negatively influences organizational commitment and perceived interactional justice, while positively correlating with psychological stress”(p.170-172). Additionally, it proposes that perceived interactional justice plays a role in how cyberbullying affects job satisfaction, and that interactional justice is linked to job satisfaction overall(AI Doghan and Arshad, 2023, p. 172).
Background Study
The study collected quantitative data through surveys from female employees in different organizations across Saudi Arabia. These surveys were designed with validated tools to measure things like workplace cyberbullying, psychological stress, organizational commitment, interactional justice, and job satisfaction. The data was analyzed using SPSS for basic data and SmartPLS for more accuracy. This included checking how reliable the survey questions were and then testing the different factors(AI Doghan and Arshad, 2023, p. 176).
Connection to Course
This article about cyberbullying in workplaces relates to the concept of cybercrime which we discussed in class. Cyberbullying is sharing negative, or harmful content about someone else without directly seeing them. Cybercrime is an illegal activity that uses technology or the internet to do these crimes.
Marginalized Groups
Workplace cyberbullying really affects marginalized groups like women and people with multiple identities(race, ethnicity, or disability). For example, women of color often face more bullying due to discrimination which can hurt their careers. Similarly, workers with disabilities report being excluded and humiliated just because of their disability. This shows how cyberbullying ties into bigger issues of inequality.
Contribution for Society
The study makes a couple of important contributions to understanding workplace cyberbullying among female employees. First, it shows how cyberbullying impacts women, which gives a clearer picture of the problem. Second, it points out how perceived interactional justice plays a role in dealing with these effects, offering organizations ideas to keep a healthier workspace.
Conclusion
This article brings to light the serious issue of workplace cyberbullying among female employees. Based on the collected data from female employees, organizations should start making the work environment safer for female employees. The internet is only going to grow and we have to put a stop to cyberbullying now. This article is a crucial reminder of the need for fair and supportive workplaces in a digital age.
References
International Journal of Cyber Criminology. (n.d.).https://cybercrimejournal.com/menuscript/index.php/cybercrimejournal/article/view/161/61