Different Types of Yeast

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a budding yeast, is a useful model organism for investigating basic characteristics of eukaryotic cell biology. Fission yeast, or Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is a unicellular fungus and a model organism used to investigate cell cycle regulation and DNA replication. The yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe are used in brewing and baking. In addition, both serve as eukaryotic model organisms in molecular and cell biology. They’re single-celled fungus. Their reproductive processes, however, are distinct. Schizosaccharomyces pombe reproduces through fission, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae reproduces by budding. Schizosaccharomyces pombe is rod-shaped, whereas Saccharomyces cerevisiae is spherical to oval in form. They share genes with higher eukaryotes and have similar gene counts. The key difference is how they reproduce: Budding yeasts develop asymmetrically, whereas fission yeasts grow symmetrically. This distinction necessitates separate ways to segregate the genome and critical organelles during division. In bacteria and fungus, binary fission and budding are two different types of asexual reproduction. Prokaryotes are the most common hosts of binary fission. Budding is a process that occurs in eukaryotes. The major distinction between binary fission and budding is that in binary fission, the parent organism is divided into two daughter organisms by equally dividing the cytoplasm, but in budding, a new organism is generated by breaking out from the current organism. The first process that happens during binary fission is DNA replication which is how Schizosaccaromyces pombe reproduce. The single circular chromosome of bacteria becomes uncoiled and conducts replication after being tightly coiled prior to replication. Two chromosomes that have been duplicated migrate to opposing poles. The cell then expands in size. All of the components, such as ribosomes and plasmids, multiply. To divide the plasma membrane, the equatorial plate constricts. Between the divided cells, a new cell wall develops. Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm. The two freshly created cells have almost equal numbers of ribosomes, plasmids, and other cytoplasmic components. Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces a mother cell and a small daughter cell by asymmetric budding. for example, studies of the cell division cycle (Spellman et al. 1998), sporulation (Chu et al. 1998), and responses to various stresses (Singer 2010). Some of these data sets have continued to serve the burgeoning computational biology, systems biology, and bioinformatics communities, providing test beds for an array of increasingly sophisticated analytical methods (cf. Singer 2010).

After the discovery of marine yeasts in the Atlantic Ocean, yeasts were isolated from a variety of sources, including seawater, marine deposits, seaweeds, fish, marine animals, and sea birds.  Even marine yeasts that grew in a bone-like form exhibited surprising twists on old ideas. Most budding yeast cells develop into a single bud, and this singularity is considered to be important for ensuring accurate genome and cellular content segregation throughout division. Cryptococcus and Debaryomyces is unicellular budding yeast, which reproduce by mitotic division. Candida albicans is a yeast that reproduces by budding. Individual cells range in size from spherical to oval, measuring 3–8 m in diameter, or are filamentous. Both types are commonly seen in affected tissues. Rhodotorula is a budding yeast that is a frequent habitant of the environment. Soil, water, milk, fruit juice, and air samples can all be used to cultivate it. It has a remarkable ability to scavenge nitrogenous molecules from its surroundings, thriving even in air that has been thoroughly cleansed of all fixed nitrogen pollutants.

Resource 

Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms. 2021. Difference Between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe | Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms. [online] [Accessed 15 November 2021].

Chu S., DeRisi J., Eisen M., Mulholland J., Botstein D., et al. , 1998.  The transcriptional program of sporulation in budding yeast. Science 282: 699–705 [PubMed]

Dunham M. J., Badrane H., Ferea T., Adams J., Brown P. O., et al. , 2002.  Characteristic genome rearrangements in experimental evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 16144–16149 

FEMS Yeast Research, 2003. Journal search results – Cite This For Me. 3(1), p.1.

Pediaa.Com. 2021. Difference Between Binary Fission and Budding | Mechanism, Types, Comparison. [online] [Accessed 15 November 2021].

Mada, P., Jamil, R. and Alam, M., 2021. Cryptococcus. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [Accessed 15 November 2021].

 Singer, R. and Johnston, G., 1985. Growth and the DNA-division sequence in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Experimental Cell Research, 157(2), pp.387-396.

Yvert G., Brem R. B., Whittle J., Akey J. M., Foss E., et al. , 2003.  Trans-acting regulatory variation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the role of transcription factors. Nat. Genet. 35: 57–64 [PubMed]