{"id":332,"date":"2026-05-05T17:29:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T17:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/carmackdeonta\/?page_id=332"},"modified":"2026-05-05T17:55:34","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T17:55:34","slug":"article-reviews","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/carmackdeonta\/article-reviews\/","title":{"rendered":"Article Reviews"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9b0f3c092bd454c9f92aac8c2a3a52be\">Article Review #1: Organizational and Psychological<br>Determinants of Cybersecurity Compliance<br>Student Name: Deonta Carmack<br>School of Cybersecurity, Old Dominion University<br>CYSE 201S: Cybersecurity and Social Sciences<br>Instructor Name: Diwakar Yalpi<br>Date: 2\/23\/2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Introduction \/ BLUF<br>This article examines \u201cControlling Cyber Crime through Information Security<br>Compliance Behavior: Role of Cybersecurity Awareness, Organizational Culture and Trust in<br>Management\u201d by Ghaleb and Pardaev (2025). The study explores how organizational culture,<br>cybersecurity awareness, employee engagement, and trust in management shape employees\u2019<br>security compliance behavior in production companies. Because cybersecurity incidents<br>increasingly stem from human behavior rather than technical failures, the article\u2019s focus aligns<br>closely with social science principles, organizational psychology, and human behavior in<br>workplace systems.<br>Connection to Social Science Principles<br>The article is grounded in core social science concepts, particularly organizational<br>behavior, social learning theory, and psychological determinants of decision-making. The<br>authors emphasize that employees\u2019 cybersecurity actions are shaped by cultural norms, perceived<br>expectations, and interpersonal trust which are key themes in sociology and psychology. For<br>example, the article notes that \u201chuman actions tend to be the weakest link in cybersecurity<br>frameworks\u201d (Ghaleb &amp; Pardaev, 2025, p. 1), highlighting the social and behavioral dimensions<br>of cyber risk. The study also draws on theories such as the Theory of Planned Behavior and<br>Protection Motivation Theory, both of which explain how attitudes, norms, and perceived control<br>influence compliance.<br>Research Question, Hypotheses, IV, and DV<br>The authors present four central research questions addressing how organizational<br>culture, cybersecurity awareness, employee engagement, and trust in management influence<br>compliance behavior. From these questions, six hypotheses were developed. Examples include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>H1: Organizational culture significantly influences information security compliance behavior.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H2: Cybersecurity awareness significantly influences compliance behavior.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H3: Employee engagement moderates the relationship between awareness and compliance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H4: Employee engagement moderates the relationship between organizational culture and<br>compliance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H5\u2013H6: Trust in top management mediates the effects of culture and awareness on compliance.<br>Independent Variables (IVs):<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Organizational culture<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cybersecurity awareness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Employee engagement (moderator)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trust in management (mediator)<br>Dependent Variable (DV):<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Information security compliance behavior<br>Research Methods<br>The study uses quantitative research design, surveying 261 employees across production<br>companies. The authors used pre-tested scales from prior literature to measure each construct,<br>ensuring reliability and validity. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling<br>(SEM) in STATA, which allowed the researchers to test direct, moderate, and mediating<br>relationships simultaneously. SEM is appropriate for complex behavioral models and aligns with<br>social science methodological standards.<br>Data and Analysis<br>The data consisted of employee survey responses measuring perceptions of culture,<br>awareness, engagement, trust, and compliance. The authors applied SEM to evaluate model<br>fitness and test hypotheses. According to the article, \u201call six hypotheses were confirmed,<br>ensuring the structural validity of the suggested model\u201d (Ghaleb &amp; Pardaev, 2025, p. 1). The<br>analysis demonstrated that organizational culture, cybersecurity awareness, and employee<br>involvement strongly predict compliance behavior, while trust in management serves as a<br>significant mediator.<br>Connection to Course PowerPoints<br>The article aligns several concepts from class PowerPoints, including:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Human factors in cybersecurity: The study reinforces the idea that people, not technology, are<br>the primary vulnerability in cyber systems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Organizational culture and leadership: The PowerPoints emphasize how leadership behavior<br>and cultural norms shape employee actions, which mirrors the article\u2019s findings that culture and<br>trust strongly influence compliance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Behavioral models: The article\u2019s use of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Protection<br>Motivation Theory connects directly to course discussions about how attitudes, norms, and<br>perceived risk shape cybersecurity decisions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cybersecurity awareness training: The PowerPoints highlight the importance of ongoing<br>training, which the article supports by showing that awareness significantly improves<br>compliance. <br>Relevance to Marginalized Groups<br>Although the article does not explicitly focus on marginalized groups, its themes are<br>highly relevant to equity and inclusion in cybersecurity workplaces. Marginalized employees<br>such as women, racial minorities, or workers in lower-status roles often experience reduced trust<br>in management, limited access to training, or exclusion from organizational decision-making.<br>Because the study finds that trust, awareness, and engagement are key predictors of compliance,<br>organizations must ensure that marginalized groups receive equitable support, training, and<br>communication. Without this, disparities in cybersecurity readiness may widen, placing certain<br>groups at greater risk of blame or disciplinary action when breaches occur.<br>Contributions of the Study to Society<br>This study contributes significantly to both cybersecurity practice and social science<br>research. It demonstrates that effective cybersecurity requires more than technical tools. It<br>requires understanding human behavior, organizational culture, and psychological trust. By<br>showing that \u201corganizational culture, awareness in cybersecurity, and employee involvement<br>strongly predict information security compliance behavior\u201d (Ghaleb &amp; Pardaev, 2025, p. 1), the<br>authors provide actionable insights for managers seeking to reduce cybercrime risks. The<br>findings encourage organizations to invest in training, build supportive cultures, and strengthen<br>trust, ultimately improving workplace security and societal resilience against cyber threats.<br>Conclusion<br>Ghaleb and Pardaev\u2019s (2025) study offer a comprehensive and socially grounded<br>understanding of cybersecurity compliance. By integrating organizational culture, awareness,<br>engagement, and trust into a single model, the authors highlight the complex human factors that<br>shape secure behavior. The article aligns closely with social science principles and course<br>concepts, demonstrating that cybersecurity is fundamentally a behavioral and organizational<br>challenge. Its insights help organizations create more inclusive, trustworthy, and effective<br>cybersecurity environments, ultimately contributing to safer digital practices across society.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>References<br>Ghaleb, M. M. S., &amp; Pardaev, J. (2025). Controlling cybercrime through information security<br>compliance behavior: Role of cybersecurity awareness, organizational culture and trust in<br>management. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 19(1), 1\u201326.<br>https:\/\/cybercrimejournal.com\/menuscript\/index.php\/cybercrimejournal\/article\/view\/437\/123<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Article Review #2: Controlling Cyber Crime through<br>Information Security Compliance Behavior<br>Student Name: Deonta Carmack<br>School of Cybersecurity, Old Dominion University<br>CYSE 201S: Cybersecurity and the Social Sciences<br>Instructor Name: Professor Yalpi<br>Date: Apr 13th, 2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Introduction\/BLUF<br>This article examines how organizational culture, cybersecurity awareness, employee<br>engagement, and trust in management influence information security compliance behavior within<br>production companies. BLUF: The study concludes that cybersecurity compliance is driven<br>primarily by human and organizational factors rather than technical controls. Culture, awareness,<br>and trust significantly shape whether employees follow security policies.<br>Relation\/Connection to Social Science Principles<br>The article reflects core social science principles such as organizational behavior, human<br>decision\u2011making, institutional influence, workplace culture, and the psychology of compliance.<br>The authors emphasize that cybersecurity is fundamentally social, noting that \u201corganizational<br>culture, awareness, and trust strongly predict information security compliance behavior.\u201d This<br>aligns with social science theories showing that human behavior is shaped by norms, leadership,<br>and perceived legitimacy.<br>Research Question \/Hypothesis\/ Independent Variable\/Dependent Variable<br>Research Questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>How does organizational culture influence employees\u2019 information security compliance?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To what extent does cybersecurity awareness affect compliance behavior?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does employee engagement moderate the effects of culture and awareness?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does trust in top management mediate organizational influences on compliance?<br>Hypotheses:<br>\u25cf Organizational culture significantly increases compliance behavior.<br>\u25cf Cybersecurity awareness significantly increases compliance behavior.<br>\u25cf Employee engagement moderates the relationship between awareness\/culture and<br>compliance.<br>\u25cf Trust in management mediates the relationship between organizational factors and<br>compliance.<br>Independent Variables:<br>Organizational culture; cybersecurity awareness; employee engagement (moderator); trust in<br>management (mediator).<br>Dependent Variable:<br>Information security compliance behavior.<br>Types of Research Methods used<br>The study uses quantitative survey research, collecting data from 261 employees across multiple<br>departments in production companies. The authors rely on validated scales from prior literature<br>to measure culture, awareness, engagement, trust, and compliance. This structured approach<br>allows for statistical testing of relationships between variables.<br>Types of Data Analysis used<br>The authors use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via STATA, along with descriptive<br>statistics and model\u2011fit testing. They report that \u201call six hypotheses were confirmed,\u201d<br>demonstrating strong statistical support for the proposed model. SEM allows the researchers to<br>test direct, indirect, and moderating effects simultaneously which is ideal for studying complex<br>organizational behavior.<br>Connections to other Course Concepts<br>This study connects to course concepts such as human factors in cybersecurity, organizational<br>culture and leadership, risk perception, cyber hygiene, and institutional trust. It reinforces the<br>idea that cybersecurity failures often stem from human behavior, not technology. This is a<br>recurring theme in our course discussions.<br>Connections to the Concerns or contributions of Marginalized Groups<br>While the article does not directly focus on marginalized groups, its findings have implications<br>for them. Employees with less access to training, lower organizational status, or limited exposure<br>to cybersecurity concepts may struggle more with compliance expectations. The study\u2019s<br>emphasis on awareness, culture, and trust suggests that organizations must ensure equitable<br>access to training and supportive leadership so that all employees including those in lower\u2011status<br>or non\u2011technical roles can comply effectively.<br>Overall societal contributions of the study\/Conclusion<br>This study contributes to society by demonstrating that effective cybersecurity depends on<br>organizational culture, employee awareness, and trust not just technical defenses. It encourages<br>managers to invest in training, communication, and leadership practices that support secure<br>behavior. By integrating organizational psychology with cybersecurity research, the study<br>advances our understanding of how human factors shape digital safety and highlights the need<br>for holistic, people\u2011centered cybersecurity strategies.<br><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Reference<br>Ghaleb, M. M. S., &amp; Pardaev, J. (2025). Controlling cybercrime through information security compliance<br>Behavior: Role of cybersecurity awareness, organizational culture, and trust in management. International<br>Journal of Cyber Criminology, 19(1), 1\u201326.<br>https:\/\/cybercrimejournal.com\/menuscript\/index.php\/cybercrimejournal\/article\/view\/437\/123<br>Article Link:<br>https:\/\/cybercrimejournal.com\/menuscript\/index.php\/cybercrimejournal\/article\/view\/437\/123<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article Review #1: Organizational and PsychologicalDeterminants of Cybersecurity ComplianceStudent Name: Deonta CarmackSchool of Cybersecurity, Old Dominion UniversityCYSE 201S: Cybersecurity and Social SciencesInstructor Name: Diwakar YalpiDate: 2\/23\/2025 Introduction \/ BLUFThis article examines \u201cControlling Cyber Crime through Information SecurityCompliance Behavior: Role of Cybersecurity Awareness, Organizational Culture and Trust inManagement\u201d by Ghaleb and Pardaev (2025). The study explores&#8230; <\/p>\n<div class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/carmackdeonta\/article-reviews\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":31917,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/carmackdeonta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/332"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/carmackdeonta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/carmackdeonta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/carmackdeonta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31917"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/carmackdeonta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=332"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/carmackdeonta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/332\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":349,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/carmackdeonta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/332\/revisions\/349"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/carmackdeonta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}