Relativisim states that cybersecurity brings about causes and effects. A change in one area creates change in another area. For example, advancements in technology provides better protection against cyber attacks but at the same time makes it easier to carry out attacks. Objectivity states that cybersecurity research should not include opinions or point-of-views. Science only exists to advance our knowledge. Parsimony states that scientists should keep their explanations as simple as possible and close to the topic at hand. This ensures that cybersecurity is easier to comprehend and that the research can be tested by others. Empiricism states that scientists should keep their research and findings concrete (related to the senses) and not rely on others’ opinions or hunches. Ethical neutrality states that scientists must adhere to ethical standards. Studying cybercrime can sometimes raise ethical questions but must not infringe upon individual rights. Determinism states that behavior is influenced by preceding events. For someone to turn to cybercrime to harm others, he/she must have been through said harm themselves in the past.
