Preventing victimization by Deepfakes in the metaverse
Relating to the principles of the social sciences
This article relates to the principles of social sciences in many ways but some examples
include objectivity, ethical neutrality and determinism. First would be objectivity as within this
article, which is about preventing victimization by deepfakes in the metaverse the authors must
be willing to look at the facts objectively without bias to find their conclusion. Next would be
ethical neutrality as the creators must make sure to not invade the privacy of those who have
been a victim to deepfakes. Finally, determinism as the authors of this article must not fully rely
on this philosophy when it comes to getting the reason why people use deepfakes in the
metaverse for crime.
Research questions and Hypothesis
The hypothesis and research questions within this article are “The purpose of this study is
to identify the use of illicit deep fakes which can potentially contribute to cybercrime
victimization in the metaverse.” (Stavola, J. & Choi, K. (2023)) As this quote goes to show how
the study and article is about creating a framework of security to prevent people falling for illicit
deepfakes especially those who are at most victims for this such as kids. Some research questions
done in the interviews are “how do you expect to see the shift of internet users from the surface
web to the metaverse in the near future?” (Stavola, J. & Choi, K. (2023)) alongside “Do you
think that there is a reason for their motive to commit interpersonal cybercrime, on this platform,
perhaps, a lack of capable guardianship? If so, how do you suggest action to be made for an
increase in capable guardianship?”(Stavola, J. & Choi, K. (2023))

Chris Kundrat
2/13/2024
Research methods used
All of the research methods used within this article include archival research alongside
surveys. First would be archival research, which was seen within this article by the way they got
information from interviews done alongside online open sources. This data was used to design
the framework to provide a way to help prevent negative attacks by deepfakes. Next, would be
surveys that were qualitative interviews from South Korean people who were in various
professions such as the Ministry of Science, Professor of cybersecurity, Korean Metaverse
service, and the telecommunications service. As this study gets a full variety of people from
within the technology sector.
Types of data and analysis done
There were two types of data and analysis done which include, Qualitative data alongside
the way the data was analyzed, thematic analysis. This was done within the article, as it was done
using qualitative data which allowed for the author of the study to identify a pattern and was
done by asking research questions to the experts to get the results. The data was analyzed using
thematic analysis, which can be described as a method “method to systematically identify,
organize, and create patterns of related categories in a set of qualitative data, allowing the
researcher to create a collective conclusion or finding on the data (Braun & Clarke, 2012, p.57).”
This data allows the information to be split into categories of types of people who would commit
illicit acts with deepfakes in the metaverse, people who are bound to be targets alongside, people
who given roles would be best at preventing illicit acts from happening to those who are bound
to be victims.

Chris Kundrat
2/13/2024
Concepts relating to the article
Some concepts from the powerpoint presentations relating to the articles would be cyber
victimization, determinism, Eysnck’s theory of criminality, and cyber offending . First would be
cyber victimization as those who lack cybersecurity measures are more likely to be a victim of
cybercrime. Next, would be determinism as it states within the article “argues that mental illness,
specifically psychosis, leads to criminal behavior ”(Stavola, J. & Choi, K. (2023)) This quote
highlights that those with mental illnesses like bipolar or schizophrenia are bound to commit
crimes, this ties in with determinism as those with mental illnesses are just more likely
determined to commit these crimes as some would argue that it could be part of their destiny.
Next, would be Eysnck’s theory of criminality which explains that “a motivated offender who
lives with mental illness is often driven by their psychological need to engage in criminal
behavior”(Stavola, J. & Choi, K. (2023)) this quote goes to highlight how those with mental
illness are more likely to commit these crimes. Finally would be cyber offending as it has been
stated before those with mental issues tend to commit crimes but in addition those who are in
their 20s, alongside either strong economic needs and low social achievement are more likely to
commit cyber crimes as they will use deepfakes to fill their motivations.
The challenges faced, concerns and contributions of
marginalized communities
Within this article it highlights that women and children are the most vulnerable groups
of being victimized by deepfakes in the metaverse. As within the article it highlights that women

Chris Kundrat
2/13/2024
are more likely to be faced with sexual crimes within the metaverse. Next would be children as
they are most likely to have low security and more gullible to fall for the scams/illicit activities
from scammers.
Overall contributions to studies to society
Within this article it highlights the many issues that contribute to society some include
who is the most likely to face a deepfake attack alongside a framework on how to protect
oneself. First would be who is most likely to face a deepfake attack as stated above it would
mostly be women, who face sexual attacks, alongside kids who are most likely to fall for the
attacks done by cyber criminals. This is important as it goes to contribute to the most likely
groups to fall for these scams. As the next contribution to society would be how the authors gave
a framework on how to prevent this from happening, some examples given in the framework
include laws that would focus on the impacts of the emotional harm that would be faced,
alongside victim support programs to help rehabilitate victims of the deepfake crimes, as it could
cause psychological harm.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this article contained a lot of information that could be used as a
framework in ways of protecting people from being victimized by a deepfake cyber attack. As
this article was researched well alongside being well studied as alongside the framework also
highlighted the types of victims alongside people most likely to commit the deepfake crimes

Chris Kundrat
2/13/2024
Source
https://vc.bridgew.edu/ijcic/vol6/iss2/2/
References
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. American Psychological Association.
Stavola, J. & Choi, K. (2023). Victimization by Deepfake in the Metaverse: Building a
Practical Management Framework. International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence &
Cybercrime: 6(2), . DOI: https://doi.org/10.52306/2578-3289.1171