{"id":347,"date":"2024-04-23T00:32:15","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T00:32:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/chriskundrat\/?page_id=347"},"modified":"2024-04-23T00:37:52","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T00:37:52","slug":"article-review-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/chriskundrat\/cyse-201s\/article-review-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Article Review 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Preventing victimization by Deepfakes in the metaverse<br>Relating to the principles of the social sciences<br>This article relates to the principles of social sciences in many ways but some examples<br>include objectivity, ethical neutrality and determinism. First would be objectivity as within this<br>article, which is about preventing victimization by deepfakes in the metaverse the authors must<br>be willing to look at the facts objectively without bias to find their conclusion. Next would be<br>ethical neutrality as the creators must make sure to not invade the privacy of those who have<br>been a victim to deepfakes. Finally, determinism as the authors of this article must not fully rely<br>on this philosophy when it comes to getting the reason why people use deepfakes in the<br>metaverse for crime.<br>Research questions and Hypothesis<br>The hypothesis and research questions within this article are \u201cThe purpose of this study is<br>to identify the use of illicit deep fakes which can potentially contribute to cybercrime<br>victimization in the metaverse.\u201d (Stavola, J. &amp; Choi, K. (2023)) As this quote goes to show how<br>the study and article is about creating a framework of security to prevent people falling for illicit<br>deepfakes especially those who are at most victims for this such as kids. Some research questions<br>done in the interviews are \u201chow do you expect to see the shift of internet users from the surface<br>web to the metaverse in the near future?\u201d (Stavola, J. &amp; Choi, K. (2023)) alongside \u201cDo you<br>think that there is a reason for their motive to commit interpersonal cybercrime, on this platform,<br>perhaps, a lack of capable guardianship? If so, how do you suggest action to be made for an<br>increase in capable guardianship?\u201d(Stavola, J. &amp; Choi, K. (2023))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chris Kundrat<br>2\/13\/2024<br>Research methods used<br>All of the research methods used within this article include archival research alongside<br>surveys. First would be archival research, which was seen within this article by the way they got<br>information from interviews done alongside online open sources. This data was used to design<br>the framework to provide a way to help prevent negative attacks by deepfakes. Next, would be<br>surveys that were qualitative interviews from South Korean people who were in various<br>professions such as the Ministry of Science, Professor of cybersecurity, Korean Metaverse<br>service, and the telecommunications service. As this study gets a full variety of people from<br>within the technology sector.<br>Types of data and analysis done<br>There were two types of data and analysis done which include, Qualitative data alongside<br>the way the data was analyzed, thematic analysis. This was done within the article, as it was done<br>using qualitative data which allowed for the author of the study to identify a pattern and was<br>done by asking research questions to the experts to get the results. The data was analyzed using<br>thematic analysis, which can be described as a method \u201cmethod to systematically identify,<br>organize, and create patterns of related categories in a set of qualitative data, allowing the<br>researcher to create a collective conclusion or finding on the data (Braun &amp; Clarke, 2012, p.57).\u201d<br>This data allows the information to be split into categories of types of people who would commit<br>illicit acts with deepfakes in the metaverse, people who are bound to be targets alongside, people<br>who given roles would be best at preventing illicit acts from happening to those who are bound<br>to be victims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chris Kundrat<br>2\/13\/2024<br>Concepts relating to the article<br>Some concepts from the powerpoint presentations relating to the articles would be cyber<br>victimization, determinism, Eysnck\u2019s theory of criminality, and cyber offending . First would be<br>cyber victimization as those who lack cybersecurity measures are more likely to be a victim of<br>cybercrime. Next, would be determinism as it states within the article \u201cargues that mental illness,<br>specifically psychosis, leads to criminal behavior \u201d(Stavola, J. &amp; Choi, K. (2023)) This quote<br>highlights that those with mental illnesses like bipolar or schizophrenia are bound to commit<br>crimes, this ties in with determinism as those with mental illnesses are just more likely<br>determined to commit these crimes as some would argue that it could be part of their destiny.<br>Next, would be Eysnck\u2019s theory of criminality which explains that \u201ca motivated offender who<br>lives with mental illness is often driven by their psychological need to engage in criminal<br>behavior\u201d(Stavola, J. &amp; Choi, K. (2023)) this quote goes to highlight how those with mental<br>illness are more likely to commit these crimes. Finally would be cyber offending as it has been<br>stated before those with mental issues tend to commit crimes but in addition those who are in<br>their 20s, alongside either strong economic needs and low social achievement are more likely to<br>commit cyber crimes as they will use deepfakes to fill their motivations.<br>The challenges faced, concerns and contributions of<br>marginalized communities<br>Within this article it highlights that women and children are the most vulnerable groups<br>of being victimized by deepfakes in the metaverse. As within the article it highlights that women<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chris Kundrat<br>2\/13\/2024<br>are more likely to be faced with sexual crimes within the metaverse. Next would be children as<br>they are most likely to have low security and more gullible to fall for the scams\/illicit activities<br>from scammers.<br>Overall contributions to studies to society<br>Within this article it highlights the many issues that contribute to society some include<br>who is the most likely to face a deepfake attack alongside a framework on how to protect<br>oneself. First would be who is most likely to face a deepfake attack as stated above it would<br>mostly be women, who face sexual attacks, alongside kids who are most likely to fall for the<br>attacks done by cyber criminals. This is important as it goes to contribute to the most likely<br>groups to fall for these scams. As the next contribution to society would be how the authors gave<br>a framework on how to prevent this from happening, some examples given in the framework<br>include laws that would focus on the impacts of the emotional harm that would be faced,<br>alongside victim support programs to help rehabilitate victims of the deepfake crimes, as it could<br>cause psychological harm.<br>Conclusion<br>In conclusion, this article contained a lot of information that could be used as a<br>framework in ways of protecting people from being victimized by a deepfake cyber attack. As<br>this article was researched well alongside being well studied as alongside the framework also<br>highlighted the types of victims alongside people most likely to commit the deepfake crimes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chris Kundrat<br>2\/13\/2024<br>Source<br>https:\/\/vc.bridgew.edu\/ijcic\/vol6\/iss2\/2\/<br>References<br>Braun, V., &amp; Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. American Psychological Association.<br>Stavola, J. &amp; Choi, K. (2023). Victimization by Deepfake in the Metaverse: Building a<br>Practical Management Framework. International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence &amp;<br>Cybercrime: 6(2), . DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52306\/2578-3289.1171<a href=\"https:\/\/vc.bridgew.edu\/ijcic\/vol6\/iss2\/2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Preventing victimization by Deepfakes in the metaverseRelating to the principles of the social sciencesThis article relates to the principles of social sciences in many ways but some examplesinclude objectivity, ethical neutrality and determinism. First would be objectivity as within thisarticle, which is about preventing victimization by deepfakes in the metaverse the authors mustbe willing to&#8230; <\/p>\n<div class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/chriskundrat\/cyse-201s\/article-review-1\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":28381,"featured_media":0,"parent":246,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/chriskundrat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/347"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/chriskundrat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/chriskundrat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/chriskundrat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28381"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/chriskundrat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=347"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/chriskundrat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":348,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/chriskundrat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/347\/revisions\/348"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/chriskundrat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/chriskundrat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}