IT/CYSE 200T

Cybersecurity, Technology, and Society

           Harmony in Defense: Orchestrating Cybersecurity’s Training and Tech Symphony
     Making the crucial choice to balance training and cybersecurity technology expendituresbecomes crucial for Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs) who must allocate a restrictedbudget. Finding the ideal balance in the complex argument over the relative importance oftechnology advancements vs human elements in cybersecurity is essential to an organization’sdefenses.                                                                                           
The Approach:
     Investing in Cybersecurity Technologies and a Knowledgeable WorkforceA well-rounded strategy is required when thinking about how to allocate scarce cash.Training staff members is a fundamental investment. The primary preventive measure againstcybersecurity breaches is a knowledgeable workforce, as human error continues to be the maincontributor. A variety of subjects has to be included in training programs, such as how to spotphishing efforts, maintain secure passwords, and comprehend social engineering techniques. Amore robust security posture is achieved by having people that are aware about prevalent cyberdangers, which reduces the chance of being a victim. Training by itself, though, is insufficient.Attackers constantly hone their techniques, and cyberthreats change as well. Therefore, fundingfor cybersecurity technologies needs to be set aside in part. This comprises firewalls, intrusiondetection systems, powerful antivirus software, and frequent upgrades for all systems and
software. By assisting in the detection and mitigation of threats prior to their ability to exploitorganizational vulnerabilities, technological solutions offer an extra line of protection.It’s important to comprehend how technical and human variables interact in order tostrike the correct balance. An educated workforce can serve as a human firewall, lowering thepossibility of being hacked by prevalent online dangers. Cybersecurity technology serves as asafeguard, providing automatic defense against a diverse range of possible intrusions. Thesecomponents work in concert to form a cohesive defense plan. Regular evaluations and audits areessential. The identification of weaknesses made possible by funding frequent securityassessments enables focused advancements in technology and training. By taking a proactivestance, the organization can make sure that its limited money is used wisely to handle its uniquerequirements and issues.
    To summarize, a balanced strategy that aligns with the complementary roles oftechnology and training is needed for the allocation of a limited budget in cybersecurity. Aworkforce that is knowledgeable and equipped with cybersecurity tools makes a stronger defenseagainst the always changing cyberthreat scenario.
Works Cited

CISA. “Training and Exercises.” Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, U.S.
Department of Homeland Security, https://www.cisa.gov/training-exercises.
NIST. “Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity.” National Instituteof Standards and Technology, 2018, https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework.
                                                          SCADA Systems
      Critical infrastructure systems provide important services that modern civilizationdepends on. These systems include things like manufacturing commodities, distributing peopleand things, and providing clean water and electricity. Because of these systems’ great importanceto nations, they are susceptible to a variety of dangers, including physical harm and cyberattacks.The issues these systems encounter and the ways Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition(SCADA) software contribute to their safety will be discussed in this essay. For additionalinformation on these weaknesses and how SCADA helps safeguard these crucial systems, wewill also consult an article from the US Department of Homeland Security.
The Down Side
     Numerous flaws can be found in critical infrastructure systems which can be the cause ofdire repercussions. These vulnerabilities have a possibility to be taken advantage of through,critical cyberattacks. Critical infrastructure systems are becoming more and more digitalized,which has attracted malicious individuals who can use software flaws to their advantage, obtainillegal access, and alter data. Such cyberattacks have the capacity to cause significant harm anddisruptions, which could affect vital services. Moreover, vital infrastructure is very vulnerable to physical threats such as natural catastrophes, vandalism, and sabotage. Extended outages and
significant financial losses may result from damage to essential components. Another issue isinsider threats, whereby people with contracted or employment-related access to vitalinfrastructure systems may abuse their privileges and pose a serious security risk.
Resolution
  SCADA systems are like the first line of defense for critical infrastructure, helping todeal with these risks. They use different methods to make things more secure. For starters, theycan keep an eye on what’s happening in real-time, so operators always know how the importantparts are doing. This helps them quickly notice if something’s not right and fix it fast. SCADAcan also control things from far away, so there’s no need for staff to always be at the place,reducing the risk of someone messing with things physically. Operators can keep things secureby managing infrastructure from safe spots. Integrating intrusion detection and preventionsystems into SCADA systems is essential for spotting and stopping hostile activity orunauthorized access, which lowers the possibility of cyberattacks. Another essential componentof SCADA applications’ security is data encryption. These applications usually use strongencryption methods to protect sensitive data transmissions, making it more difficult for hackersto intercept or alter data. In addition, a lot of SCADA systems are built with redundancy andfailover features, which guarantee that vital infrastructure systems keep running even in the caseof hostile assaults or hardware failures. Finally, security upgrades are often released by SCADAproviders to improve system security and fix vulnerabilities. Efficient patch managementenhances the security of critical infrastructure systems by reducing the likelihood of exploitation.

Conclusion
    In conclusion, critical infrastructure systems play a pivotal role in providing essentialservices that underpin our modern way of life, from manufacturing and transportation to thedistribution of crucial resources like water and electricity. However, these systems face amultitude of vulnerabilities, making them attractive targets for various threats, includingcyberattacks and physical damage. As highlighted in this essay, Supervisory Control and DataAcquisition (SCADA) systems serve as the first line of defense against these risks. Through real-time monitoring, remote control capabilities, intrusion detection, data encryption, redundancy,and security updates, SCADA applications significantly contribute to enhancing the security andresilience of critical infrastructure systems. They empower operators to swiftly detect andrespond to anomalies and potential issues, while also safeguarding these vital systems againstmalicious cyber threats. It is crucial to recognize the vital role of SCADA in preserving theintegrity of our critical infrastructure, ensuring the continued functioning of essential services,and ultimately, the well-being of our modern society.
Works Cited
“SCADA Systems.” SCADA Systems, SCADA Systems, www.scadasystems.net/.Accessed 05 Nov. 2023.Stouffer, Keith, et al. “Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security.”

                                                                The CIA Triad
     The CIA Triad is formed by three basic ideas that together make up the fundamentalbase of information security. This acronym does not stand for “Central Intelligence Agency,” butrather for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. Protecting sensitive data from unauthorizedaccess is part of confidentiality. Information is frequently classified based on the possible harm itcould cause if it falls into the wrong hands. Encrypting data to prevent unauthorized access,employing strong passwords, and adopting two-factor authentication (2FA) to assureconfidentiality are some examples.
   Data integrity has to do with verifying that data is dependable and correct throughout itsexistence. To stay away from illegal alterations, protections such as version control, checksums,and digital signatures are used, with digital signatures authenticating the legitimacy oftransferred documents. On the other side, availability assures that authorized users may alwaysaccess information when they need it. This can be done by actions like as hardwaremaintenance, rapid repair, and also making sure to maintain the operating system is afoundation for a solid working order. In addition, maintaining a reasonable amount of availabilitynecessitates preparation for unexpected events through redundancy, failover solutions, anddisaster recovery procedures.
     In conclusion, the CIA Triad, which might sound like it’s related to spies, actuallyrepresents the three fundamental pillars of information security: Confidentiality, Integrity, and

Availability. Let’s break it down. Confidentiality is all about keeping secret stuff safe from people
who shouldn’t see it. We do this by classifying data based on how much harm it could cause if itfalls into the wrong hands. We also use fancy tricks like encryption, strong passwords, andtwo-factor authentication to make sure only the right folks can access it.
MLA Citations:
Chai, Wesley. “What is the CIA Triad? Definition, Explanation, Examples.” TechTarget, 9Aug. 2022,https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/Confidentiality-integrity-and-availability-CIA?jr=on.