Daniel Oputa
CYSE200T

SCADA Vulnerabilities and Risk Mitigation in Critical Infrastructure

BLUF
SCADA Vulnerabilities and Risk Mitigation in Critical Infrastructure
This write-up will explore various vulnerabilities within critical infrastructure systems and show
how Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) can be used to mitigate some of those
vulnerabilities. Though SCADA systems are important in monitoring and operational control of
infrastructure, they present their own challenges in cybersecurity that must be addressed if vital
services are to be protected.

Introduction
Scada systems are important in ensuring reliability and efficiency among essential
infrastructures, such as in water treatment facilities, energy grids, and transport systems. These
systems serve major processes that enable real-time data in enabling operators to perform their
duties while providing them with centralized command over large, dispersed assets. SCADA
Systems 2023 (SCADA Systems, 2023). But with increased connectivity came vulnerabilities,
and today these systems are susceptible to cyber threats that may threaten public safety and
economic stability.

Vulnerabilities in SCADA Systems
Though SCADA systems were designed using proprietary protocols with isolated networks,
being less vulnerable in the past. The shift to accommodate IP and incorporating SCADA
systems into larger networks exposes these systems to possible cyberattacks. Shared
vulnerabilities include unauthorized access, a lack of encryption, and poor network segmentation
that enables attackers to manipulate weak points in the network (SCADA Systems, 2023).

The Role of SCADA in Risk Mitigation

Though there are some vulnerabilities associated with them, there are also SCADA applications
that help in mitigating the risks associated with critical infrastructures. They provide the operator
with a utility to visualize real-time system performance, understand deviations from normal
trends, and take quick action on impending dangers. For example, SCADA can initiate alarms
and shutdowns in case abnormal conditions-on sudden rises in temperature or sudden loss of
pressure-are detected. These systems provide for instantaneous responses, therefore reducing
chances of damage or failures within the critical infrastructure. SCADA Systems. (SCADA
Systems, 2023).

Conclusion

In closing for the critical infrastructures in place, the SCADA systems are a double-edged sword.
While they allow for centralized control that reduces operational efficiency, they do come with
vulnerabilities that can also be used by cybercrime. For maximum protection, therefore, SCADA
security must be enhanced through encryption, access controls, and other forms of continuous
monitoring. Increased security of SCADA systems is quite important in protecting the essential
infrastructure of possible disruptions

Analysis: Opportunities for Workplace Deviance

How has cyber technology created opportunities for workplace deviance?

Cyber technology has created numerous opportunities for workplace deviance by enabling behaviors that can go undetected and exploit digital systems. For instance, employees might misuse their access by obtaining confidential information without authorization, which could lead to privacy violations or data leaks. Cyber technology also allows for cyber aggression, where employees use digital platforms to bully or harass colleagues, potentially creating a hostile work environment. Additionally, employees may sabotage systems, such as deleting important files or disrupting operations, which can leave the organization vulnerable. These examples highlight the importance of organizations establishing strict policies and access controls to reduce the risk of workplace deviance.

Ensuring System Availability: CISO Strategies

As CISO of a publicly traded company, my primary concerns in protecting the availability of our systems would be to defend against common threats like DDoS attacks, insider threats, and malware. These threats could severely disrupt system availability. Starting with DDoS attacks, I would implement traffic filtering solutions to mitigate DDoS attempts. For insider threats, following the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, I would establish strong access controls and provide continuous security training for employees. Malware protection is another priority, as it could lead to a data breach or bring down systems. I would implement continuous monitoring and regular system updates to prevent vulnerabilities from being exploited. Finally, I would establish a disaster recovery site and ensure regular backups are in place to quickly restore systems in the event of downtime.