How should markets, businesses, groups, and individuals be regulated or limited differently in the face of diminishing state power and the intelligification (Verbeek, p217) and networking of the material world?

Verbeek explains that as technology becomes more “intelligent” and more connected to everything we do, it starts to shape society in ways that used to belong only to governments. Sensors, apps, algorithms, and digital platforms now gather information, guide choices, and influence how people see the world. Because of this shift, the power of the state is no longer as strong as it used to be, and we need new ways to think about regulation.

In this new environment, businesses and markets should face stronger limits and clearer rules. Companies that build or use intelligent technologies often have more influence than governments when it comes to shaping public opinion, controlling information, or collecting data. If their tools affect how people behave, shop, vote, or communicate, then they should be required to explain how these systems work and what data they rely on. Transparency and accountability matter even more when private companies start playing roles that were once political.

For individuals and groups, the goal should not be heavy restrictions. Instead, society should focus on empowering people with knowledge and control. Because technology mediates almost every part of life—news feeds, GPS, online shopping, job searches—users need stronger digital literacy and easier ways to understand what is influencing them. People should know when algorithms are pushing them toward certain choices, and they should have the ability to opt out or adjust settings when needed.

Overall, as the material world becomes intelligent and the state loses some of its traditional power, regulation must shift toward the design of technology itself. The question is not only “What should people be allowed to do?” but also “How should the tools that shape our behavior be built?” If we design technology with responsibility in mind, we can support a healthier and more democratic public sphere.