Critical Structure’s Vulnerabilities:

Critical infrastructure often refers to a group of systems and networks that are considered vital to the functioning of society. As critical infrastructure has become more interconnected and complex, it has become more vulnerable. Threats to these systems could cause detrimental consequences to public health and safety. Cyberattacks on critical infrastructure have increased over the years, due in part to the growing complexity of the processes involved in critical infrastructure. These cyberattacks can lead to an array of consequences ranging from stolen data to widespread power outages. For example, in 2007, the Stuxnet computer virus targeted the programmable logic controls (PLCs) of an Iranian nuclear facility and disrupted the Iranian nuclear program by damaging centrifuges used to separate atomic material (Holloway). Climate-related disasters are also classified as risks to critical infrastructure as they can cause major damage to buildings, bridges, and transportation networks. Flooding and wind damage can cause systems such as power grids, sewage systems, and communication networks to be severely disrupted (Kelly).

The role SCADA applications play:

   SCADA systems are used to regulate and monitor the processes used in critical infrastructure. This includes managing building systems like HVAC and lighting, controlling traffic lights for optimal traffic flow, and overseeing water waste treatment processes. Attacks on SCADA systems can cause operational disruptions within these processes. SCADA vendors are attempting to decrease the risks of cyberattacks by implementing specialized VPN and firewalls for SCADA networks (Given article). Physical security measures can also be taken to protect SCADA. These measures are intended to reduce the risk of loss or damage to the plant, its assets, and the surrounding environment that could occur due to natural disasters. Ensuring that SCADA equipment and infrastructure are located in secure areas can protect them from physical damage (Belding). Disaster recovery plans are used to restore SCADA systems after catastrophic disasters, as well. 

Works Cited 

Allianz. “Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructure.” Allianz Commercial, June 2016, commercial.allianz.com/news-and-insights/expert-risk-articles/cyber-attacks-on-critical-infrastructure.html.

Belding, Greg. “Physical Security for ICS/SCADA Environments | Infosec.” Www.infosecinstitute.com, 7 Aug. 2019, www.infosecinstitute.com/resources/scada-ics-security/physical-security-for-ics-scada-environments/. Accessed 5 Apr. 2025.

Holloway, Michael. “Stuxnet Worm Attack on Iranian Nuclear Facilities.” Stanford.edu, 16 July 2015, large.stanford.edu/courses/2015/ph241/holloway1/. Accessed 4 Apr. 2025.

Kelly. “Enhancing Disaster Resilience amidst the Forces of Nature.” EIS, 26 Oct. 2023, eiscouncil.org/natural-disasters-and-their-impact-on-disaster-resilience/. Accessed 4 Apr. 2025.