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WHAT I LEARNED:
Through Extensive Classes , PowerPoints , and Assigned Work we learned the principles of Fluid Mechanics.With each test we used multiple strategies and formulas to achieve the answers. The test also sharpened our expert Engineering capabilities by using excel and other real word applications to achieve success. With the Course long project you learn to work with non-engineers that you will have to explain the engineering principles of your project for your group to achieve success. By doing this you learn patience, a stronger knowledge of material, and effective communication skills and more. You can learn more about the project and test here.PLACE LINK HERE
The nature of fluids and define different fluid properties:
Fluids are substances that have the ability to flow and do not have a fixed shape. They include liquids, gases, and plasmas. Fluids are characterized by several properties, including viscosity, pressure, density, and temperature. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It is determined by the internal friction between molecules in the fluid. The greater the viscosity, the more difficult it is for the fluid to flow. Honey, for example, has a higher viscosity than water. Pressure is a measure of the force exerted by a fluid on the walls of its container. It is determined by the weight of the fluid and the height of the column of fluid above a given point. Pressure can be measured in units such as pascals, atmospheres, or pounds per square inch (psi).
Compute pressure and the forces (magnitude, location, and direction) associate
with it in a stagnant fluid:
In a stagnant fluid, the pressure is the same at all points within the fluid. This is known as hydrostatic pressure, and it is determined by the weight of the fluid above a given point. The pressure at a point within a fluid can be calculated using the following formula:
P = ρgh
Where: P = Pressure at a point within the fluid (in pascals or N/m²) ρ = Density of the fluid (in kg/m³) g = Acceleration due to gravity (in m/s²) h = Depth of the point within the fluid (in meters)
The forces associated with the pressure in a stagnant fluid can be calculated using the following formula:
F = PA
Where: F = Force exerted by the pressure (in newtons) P = Pressure at the point (in pascals) A = Area over which the pressure is acting (in square meters)
The magnitude of the force is proportional to the pressure and the area over which the pressure is acting. The direction of the force is perpendicular to the surface over which the pressure is acting, and it acts inward towards the fluid.
What buoyancy is and determine object stability while floating or
submerged in a fluid:
Buoyancy is the upward force exerted on an object when it is immersed in a fluid. This force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. If the weight of the object is less than the weight of the fluid it displaces, the object will float. If the weight of the object is greater than the weight of the fluid it displaces, the object will sink.The stability of an object while floating or submerged in a fluid depends on the position of its center of gravity relative to its center of buoyancy. The center of gravity is the point at which the weight of the object can be considered to act, while the center of buoyancy is the point at which the buoyant force can be considered to act.If the object’s center of gravity is below its center of buoyancy, it will be stable and tend to remain upright. If the object’s center of gravity is above its center of buoyancy, it will be unstable and tend to tip over.
Explain the fluid dynamics in pipes and fittings:
Fluid dynamics in pipes and fittings involve the study of the behavior of fluids as they flow through pipes, valves, and other components. This includes the analysis of pressure, velocity, and flow rate. Fluid flow can be laminar, turbulent, or a combination of both, depending on the velocity and viscosity of the fluid, as well as the shape and roughness of the pipe walls. Pipe fittings such as elbows, tees, and reducers can cause changes in the flow pattern and can result in pressure drop and turbulence. Proper selection and design of pipes and fittings are essential for efficient fluid transport and can help minimize losses due to friction, turbulence, and other factors.
Apply the principles of conservation of energy (Bernoulli’s equation) and mass to
fluid flow systems:
The principles of conservation of energy and mass can be applied to fluid flow systems using Bernoulli’s equation. This equation relates the pressure, velocity, and height of a fluid at any two points along a streamline. According to Bernoulli’s equation, the sum of the pressure energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy of the fluid at any two points must be constant, assuming that there is no energy loss due to friction or other factors. This equation can be used to analyze and optimize fluid flow systems, including pipelines, pumps, turbines, and other devices. By applying the principles of conservation of energy and mass, engineers can design and operate fluid flow systems that are efficient, reliable, and safe.
Compute friction losses in pipes for a variety of configurations (series, parallel,
network, etc.)
Friction losses in pipes occur when fluid flows through the pipe and encounters resistance due to the roughness of the pipe surface, changes in pipe diameter, bends, valves, and other components. The friction loss is calculated using the Darcy-Weisbach equation, which takes into account the Reynolds number, pipe diameter, fluid velocity, and pipe roughness. The friction loss in a series configuration of pipes is the sum of the individual friction losses for each pipe. In a parallel configuration, the friction loss is the same for each pipe, but the total flow rate is divided among the pipes. In a network configuration, the friction loss depends on the topology of the network and the flow rates in each pipe. The friction loss can be reduced by increasing the pipe diameter, decreasing the pipe roughness, reducing the flow velocity, or minimizing the number of bends and valves. Engineers use various techniques such as CFD simulations, experimental measurements, and empirical formulas to estimate friction losses in complex pipe systems and optimize their performance.
