Paper | entr494miller

Introduction

Park Aid is a convenient and efficient way for motorists to park their cars in crowded cities. Park Aid Drivers will register in the network when they enter the city where they want to park their vehicle. The advantages of Park Aid are that it is easy, saves time, reduces pollution caused by traffic, and helps drivers return quickly to wherever they want. On the other hand, Park Aid is an excellent tool for cities to reduce traffic congestion. Traffic congestion causes carbon emissions, negatively affecting the environment (Enríquez et al., 2017). Motorists will use Park Aid to search for and book a parking space before reaching a city. This tool is beneficial because it reduces the number of vehicles in the city center. Since there are fewer vehicles, traffic congestion and carbon emissions are reduced. Park Aid is in line with the Green City umbrella (Enríquez et al., 2017), which aims to improve cities worldwide while reducing pollution, helping the environment, and supporting urban development. It is an intelligent parking system that will provide a platform for governments to create a new model for urban mobility. Park Aid is done in two phases: First, Park Aid built a global real-time parking system that can help find parking spaces in cities worldwide. In the second phase, it will be possible to transfer data on traffic and parking spaces between operators (Enríquez et al., 2017). This will allow cities to improve their green areas and traffic management systems. When implemented, Park Aid can collect data on millions of vehicles entering and leaving many cities in United States.

Literature Review

According to Kenneth and collogue (2019) parking guidance system named Parkaid is an advanced high-tech parking system with the use of Blockchain. This system is based on smart city technologies and has the potential to solve the congestion problems of cities. Smart parking systems have become popular in recent years because they help reduce traffic congestion and improve transportation efficiency (Coloma et al.,2017). Therefore, smart parking systems are set to play a significant role in our future cities by helping manage urban mobility.

The main problems faced by our society and communities can be considered environmental issues. Urbanization is not only an increase in specific environmental problems that cause damage to the environment but also a decrease in the quality of our lives and human health. The green city is one of the environmental plans to solve our environmental problems and prevent them from worsening. The green cities concept has been developed and is being implemented. Smart City Green City (SCGC) is a new technology applied to improve the quality of life for all citizens, especially those living in urban areas, by addressing three main pillars: environmental sustainability, social well-being, and economic efficiency (Kang et al., 2018). This concept was proposed in 2011 by the United Nations (UN) and later adopted by researchers from many countries.

Studies have shown several ways to reduce carbon dioxide levels produced by urban transportation activities in urban areas. According to Enríquez et al. (2017), a smart parking system is one of them. Some parking systems are used to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and land use. They help cities reduce the transportation sector of these cities (Kang et al., 2018.The location of the vehicle and the time it stops at a specific space can help planners and operators identify the number of parking spaces needed or available in certain areas. Vehicle sensors are installed to collect data on traffic in combination with the information collected by parking sensors and maintain a real-time updating system of data registered on PC networks.

Alface (2019) asserts that more than tracking the number of vehicles used or parked in a particular area is required. In addition, it is also necessary to know how long each vehicle remained in a parking space and whether the use was for a short time or long term (Alface, 2019). The system should also know the probability of finding an empty parking space to provide an accurate estimate.

Parkland has been developed based on blockchain technology, which has many benefits, including its ability to process high loads of data and functions without errors (Jennath et al., 2019). It is an open-source system that works through decentralized software and runs on computers near each city. It also allows vehicles to communicate through Internet technology and plan parking spaces for use.

Parkland uses a blockchain system that collects real-time data from various smart parking sensors installed in the city. This data is then stored on the blockchain platform. Data is stored using a unique ID and the ID of each vehicle (Enríquez et al., 2017). The data is then processed by studying all available vehicle movements in a specific city and accessing information provided by two primary information sources: The street navigation system intelligent infrastructure shared services and the parking guidance system Parkaid.

When drivers need to park their vehicles in major cities around the world, they usually have problems finding parking spaces. The city council has to work hard to build more parking facilities and spend a lot of money on it. In addition, the cost incurred by the citizens will increase due to the high cost of these parking spaces (Jennath et al., 2019). Parkaid helps solve this problem by considering all available data from both external and internal sources. This is done by analyzing big data collected from sensors installed in public spaces, such as street lamps or traffic lights, and sensors installed on road surfaces or other public spaces .

Parkland provides services that play an essential role for transportation companies. The city council can also use Parkaid to plan transportation systems since it provides live data on traffic and parking space availability. The early detection of problems such as traffic congestion allows the local authorities to take action (Enríquez et al., 2017). It will allow local authorities to control ground transportation systems more efficiently and effectively. It helps them track the movement of vehicles and provides users with accurate information on how to park their vehicles, whether it is an empty parking space or not (Alface, 2019). Parkland is a secure system that can collect and process data from various sources in a decentralized way, provide more accurate information on the ground transportation system, and reduce congestion.

According to Adam (2008), he states that Smart parking systems use sensors that enable the collection of data on vehicles in real time. Operators can use it to monitor what is happening in the street through live access to different parking spaces within their network (Jennath et al., 2019). Parkaid is a Blockchain-powered platform that allows cities to monitor parking spaces and traffic and make decisions based on these data. It also helps them plan their transportation system and determine the parking spaces needed (Enríquez et al., 2017). The amount of data collected from Parkaid will be processed through a decentralized application known as Parkaid.

The advantage of this system lies in the fact that it gives more accurate data about urban areas, which means it has many advantages for the city. For instance, any problems fixed can be monitored better (Jennath et al., 2019). However, there are still many challenges faced by Parkaid. For example, the need for a specific ecosystem composed of devices and applications (Jennath et al., 2019). In addition, the level of credibility in certain cities is not high enough because people are concerned about their data privacy (Enríquez et al., 2017). Another challenge is related to communications between vehicles and sensors. This requires the government to have many central computer systems that consume many resources.

Parkland is a solution for cities to reduce the cost of public transportation, provide safer and more efficient roadways for all users and reduce air pollution. The government has to invest less money in road infrastructure because high-quality data from Parkaid helps plan better streets. The decentralized network will limit the cost of running and maintaining the system because fewer resources are required for collecting and processing data (Enríquez et al., 2017). The city council will be able to allocate more parking spaces once they know how many are needed. Parkland also allows cities to create more efficient transportation systems. However, data privacy is an important issue because the government has to make sure that their data will be safe.

Parkland will help reduce the cost of public transportation and make streets more efficient. These are two elements that reduce the cost of running public transportation systems. This is because when you spend less money, you can better track how much you spend on each element (Xia et al., 2019). The government will also be able to spend less money on keeping roads and other infrastructure in order because, with Parkaid, it is possible to know where the problems are and how to solve them (Xia et al., 2019). Parkland can improve traffic conditions in cities throughout the world through the use of data analysis tools. It will allow cities to increase the number of available parking spaces per city user and ensure their transportation systems are more efficient. For example, suppose a new housing complex is built, and suddenly, there is much traffic in that area. In that case, the local authorities can solve this problem by expanding the infrastructure for public transportation and parking spaces (Jennath et al., 2019). However, there are still many challenges faced by Parkaid. For instance, privacy concerns are a big concern for citizens who want to use Parkaid. Another challenge related to communications between vehicles and sensors. This requires the government to have many central computer systems that consume many resources.

Parkland will help city planners reduce carbon dioxide emissions from transportation activities. With more intelligent infrastructure, more efficient transportation systems can be implemented, and more parking spaces will be available (Jennath et al., 2019). For those who live in cities that have Parking space scarcity and low traffic, Parkaid is a good solution for them. Using it will improve their quality of life (Alface, 2019). It is solution for cities to reduce the cost of public transportation, provide safer and more efficient roadways for all users and reduce air pollution. The government has to invest less money in road infrastructure because high-quality data from Parkaid helps plan better streets (Enriquez de Salamanca Ros et al., 2017).

The decentralized network will limit the cost of running and maintaining the system because fewer resources are required for collecting and processing data (Yen, 2014). Parkland will help reduce the cost of public transportation and make streets more efficient. These are two elements that reduce the cost of running public transportation systems. This is because when you spend less money, you can better track how much you spend on each element (Xia et al., 2019). The government will also be able to spend less money on keeping roads and other infrastructure in order because, with Parkaid, it is possible to know where the problems are and how to solve them .

The use of Parkland can improve traffic conditions in cities throughout the world through the use of data analysis tools. It will allow cities to increase the number of available parking spaces per city user and ensure their transportation systems are more efficient. For example, suppose a new housing complex is built, and suddenly, there is much traffic in that area. In that case, the local authorities can solve this problem by expanding the infrastructure for public transportation and parking spaces (Jennath et al., 2019). However, there are still many challenges faced by Parkaid. For instance, privacy concerns are a big concern for citizens who want to use Parkaid. Another challenge related to communications between vehicles and sensors. This requires the government to have many central computer systems that consume many resources.

According to Déniz (2017), he asserts that smart cities and the Internet of Things are forms of technology that are mandatory for emerging economies to deal with the concerns of urbanization. Therefore, Parkaid is a vital city information system that can be implemented in cities to solve these problems. This system allows cities to collect real-time data about traffic congestion and other transportation and urban planning factors. For this reason, Parkaid reduces traffic jams and improves the movement of vehicles (Chiang et al., 2018).

According to Chiang et al. (2018), Using smart city technology will enable planners, municipal officers, and citizens to improve public transportation in different ways. With Parkland, cities can reduce the cost of running public transportation systems and parking spaces while improving city traffic conditions. This will allow users to travel faster and more efficiently (Chiang et al., 2018). However, according to Wang et al. (2018), Asian cities have been slow to adopt new technology that can improve transportation systems in their cities. However, as soon as Parkaid was introduced in the city of San Francisco in 2015, the speeds of cars decreased, and there was less pollution because it reduced traffic congestion (Wang et al., 2018). Therefore, this system allows cities to collect real-time data about traffic congestion and other transportation and urban planning factors. This is helpful because it allows governments to know where the problems are and how to solve them. With Parkland, cities can reduce the cost of running public transportation systems and parking spaces while improving city traffic conditions. This will allow users to travel faster and more efficiently (Chiang et al., 2018). Also, Parkaid will help citizens use parking spaces with certainty because they can see the empty parking places on their mobile devices (Chiang et al., 2018).

All the articles agree that it will significantly help cities because they will get better information on where the cars and people are going. They will also be able to respond faster and fix people’s problems with cars. The top picture shows how Parkaid acts like a traffic coordinator. It collects data about traffic congestion and determines the best way for governments to respond according to that data (Xia et al., 2019). For example, if a city has high traffic congestion, it can decide which streets are congested and where they can improve transportation systems (Xia et al., 2019). This is also helpful for citizens because they will know about the transportation systems in their city and how to use them (Xia et al., 2019).

The bottom picture shows how Parkaid acts like a navigation system. It provides all the information that governments need, allowing users to find parking spots more easily and access public transportation efficiently (Xia et al., 2019). congestion on streets if more people did this and there would also be fewer accidents. Parkland is a great way for cities and governments to collect information about traffic congestion.

Overview Of How Your Problem And Innovation Relate To Material Covered In Your Classes Taken OUTSIDE Of Your Major

The problem of traffic and transportation is something that many cities are facing today. According to a 2019 American Public Transportation Association (APTA) report, the public transit ridership exceeded 10 billion passengers for the first time in history in 2018. This shows how important it is for public transportation systems to be improved. However, these systems still face many challenges, and Parkaid aims to solve them (Jennath et al., 2019).

For example, mobility-as-a-service or MaaS has been widely used to solve problems related to transportation in cities. However, Parkland can improve MaaS systems since it collects real-time data about traffic congestion and other factors related to transportation and urban planning (Wang et al., 2018). Parkland can also improve traffic congestion because it allows citizens to find parking spaces more easily (Xia et al., 2019). This will help cities become more efficient and solve problems related to transportation systems faster. Traffic congestion is a big problem in many cities today. In some cities, there are two traffic jams at least once every week (Jennath et al., 2019). However, Parkland can reduce the amount of congestion by providing citizens with a way to find the fastest routes around their city (Chiang et al., 2018). It will also help governments collect real-time data about traffic and make decisions faster.

Another big challenge public transportation systems face is climate change (Wang et al., 2018). Carbon emissions are increasing yearly, one of the biggest challenges for governments (Wang et al., 2018). If governments continue to use fossil fuels, climate change will worsen and lead to hotter temperatures, higher sea levels, and more natural disasters. Parkland can improve transportation systems by providing citizens with electric cars that can help reduce carbon emissions (Chiang et al., 2018).

According to a study conducted by Morgan Stanley in 2016, it was found that more than 40% of US cities and 60% of European cities are at high risk of becoming unsustainable in the next decade. The study also found that a growing number of cities will struggle to deal with the impact of climate change (Jennath et al., 2019).

Another problem faced by transportation systems is the rise in traffic accidents. According to a report by WHO published in 2018, more than 1.25 million people die every year due to road traffic injuries (Jennath et al., 2019). This is because some streets are not appropriately designed and have many obstacles, like sidewalks, which make it harder for cars to go through them (Suzuki et al., 2013). It has been estimated that around 20 percent of urban spaces can be reallocated if cities implement more efficient transportation systems, such as Parkaid (Chiang et al., 2018). Parkland can help cities manage traffic congestion because it provides citizens with more information and options.

There are many other benefits of Parkland, like improving the efficiency of traffic and transportation systems, collecting more information about citizens, reducing emissions and accidents, and saving money. Parkland will also improve public transportation systems because they will distribute more efficiently. Also, Parkaid will provide a vast amount of information to citizens to use public transportation better (Chiang et al., 2018).

Many challenges need to be addressed if Parkaid becomes a reality. First, Parkaid needs to be implemented at the city level because every city faces different challenges (Wang et al., 2018). In some cities, roads are designed better than in others, so there are fewer traffic jams. However, in cities where the roads are not designed properly, like New York City, there is more traffic congestion, and it takes longer to reach your destination (Wang et al., 2018).

Another challenge faced by Parkaid is that it needs to be tested on a variety of different types of streets. For example, if Parkaid was to be implemented in a city with many obstacles on the road, such as sidewalks, it would not work as well as desired (Wang et al., 2018).

Overview of how to determine whether your innovation is effective

The innovation of smart parking is effective because it provides more information to citizens and gives them more options by using their smartphones. Smart parking systems can also help improve public transportation by providing citizens with more options. For example, they can use the Parkaid app to find parking without driving around the city (Chiang et al., 2018). Citizens will have more time if the public transportation system is improved, so they can study for school or work on a project. They will also save a lot of money that would otherwise be spent on gas or car repairs.

Parkaid is also effective because it can help improve traffic and transportation systems in many cities since it provides governments with real-time data about traffic congestion (Jennath et al., 2019). It can also save time for citizens because they will have to drive around the city less and will not have to worry about parking spaces since the app can tell them exactly where to go. It is more convenient than cars since it provides more options and is more accurate (Wang et al., 2018). The Parkaid app can direct citizens through their city using an optimized route that considers traffic congestion (Chiang et al., 2018). Parkland is also effective simply because it helps governments make decisions faster. It provides governments with information about citizens and helps them make better decisions (Jennath et al., 2019). For example, governments can be notified when citizens want to use the carsharing service.

The challenges that need to be addressed if Parkaid is going to become a reality are that it needs to be implemented in all cities because every city has different challenges. For example, some cities have better-designed roads and less traffic congestion than other cities (Wang et al., 2018). This is why the Parkaid app must be tested on different types of streets. If a city has a lot of obstacles on the streets, such as sidewalks, then it would not work very well.

Parkland also needs to be tested on different public transportation systems because they are managed differently in different cities. For example, some cities have more buses or trams, while others have more subway or light rail lines (Wang et al., 2018). Parkaid needs to be implemented in as many cities as possible. Another challenge faced by Parkaid is that it does not provide enough information about citizens (Jennath et al., 2019). Many questions need to be answered if Parkaid is going to become a reality, and it does not answer them all.

Description Of What Is Needed To Turn Your Innovation Into A Reality

Many things need to be done for Parkaid to become a reality (Jennath et al., 2019). For example, Parkaid needs to be implemented in many different cities to provide information about how traffic congestion is handled in each. It also needs to be tested on various types of streets so the app can determine whether it works. Parkaid needs to be tested on a wide range of different types of public transportation systems so it can provide citizens with accurate information and help them understand how they are managed better (Wang et al., 2018). This is because, in many cities, public transportation systems have different types of buses and trams, making it difficult for citizens to use the app correctly. Parkaid needs to be tested on bus and tram systems so citizens can understand how the app can help them.

Parkland also needs to be able to collect more information about citizens because it only collects information about where a citizen parks their car (Alface, 2019). This is not very useful; however, if Parkaid could determine who a citizen was and in which areas they lived, it could provide more information about how well the public transportation system is being managed. Parkland does not need as many tests as other innovations because it provides more benefits than negative impacts. It provides citizens with more information about traffic congestion and helps them save time by directing them to parking spaces (Wang et al., 2018). It also improves the public transportation system, saving citizens money by giving them accurate information about how to use the systems.

The use of Parkaid is effective because it will help improve city traffic and transportation systems worldwide. It will help reduce traffic congestion and provide citizens with accurate information about public transportation systems, so they understand how they are managed better. It will also help improve public transportation since it provides more information about its use (Munawar et al., 2022). This could also reduce travel times for citizens, which would be very useful for people trying to study or work on something.

It has been found that Parkaid has a few challenges to solve before it becomes a reality; however, it is very effective and will help improve traffic and transportation systems for many years. It must be tested thoroughly on different types of roads and public transportation systems to ensure it is suitable for all cities. If people use the app correctly, it will soon become a reality. It will provide many benefits and should be implemented in many cities worldwide because they all have different challenges. It will help reduce traffic congestion and improve public transportation systems, improving citizens’ lives.

Summary Of Next Steps

The next steps for Parkaid are to create an app suitable for all cities in United States. Then, it will be tested in other cities to ensure it works well on their streets. After that, it will need to be tested in more public transportation systems so citizens can use the solution correctly (Wang et al., 2018). After Parkaid is implemented in many different cities worldwide, it will benefit citizens because they can determine how their government manages traffic congestion and public transportation systems. This could become very useful when trying to study or work on something as they will not commute too long.

Parkaid has many benefits and is a beneficial solution to problems facing our cities today. It could also benefit citizens studying or working on something because it will help reduce their commute time. It must be tested thoroughly on different roads and public transportation systems, so citizens know how to use the app correctly before it becomes a reality. Parkland has many benefits and should be implemented in cities around the world. If citizens use Parkaid correctly, it will soon become a reality.

The aspect of Parkaid that makes it so useful for people is the ability for them to be able to determine how their city is handling traffic congestion and public transportation systems. This could provide solutions to problems that are facing citizens today. It is also beneficial because it will help reduce traffic congestion and improve public transportation systems, improving the citizens’ quality of life in those cities (Jennath et al., 2019). Parkland has a lot of potentials to solve problems facing our cities today.

Self-Reflection

I think Parkaid needs to be tested in various cities so it can provide information about how traffic congestion is handled in each one. It also needs to be tested on various types of streets so the app can determine whether it works. Parkland is a very useful solution to many problems facing our cities today. It provides citizens with more information about traffic congestion and helps them save time by directing them to parking spaces (Wang et al., 2018). It also improves the public transportation system, saving citizens money by giving them more accurate information about how to use the systems.

Parkland is effective because it will help improve city traffic and transportation systems worldwide. It will help reduce traffic congestion and provide citizens with accurate information about public transportation systems, so they understand how they are managed better. It will also help improve public transportation since it provides more information about its use (Wang et al., 2018). This could also reduce travel times for citizens, which would be very useful for people trying to study or work on something.

The research gives insight into an app that will provide citizens with more information about traffic congestion and public transportation systems, which will help improve the quality of life for citizens in those cities. Parkland is very useful because it will also improve public transportation systems since it provides more accurate information about how they are used (Wang et al., 2018). It could also reduce travel time for citizens by advising them where to park their cars.

References

Adam, F. (2008). Quantification of the effect of air traffic on terminal precinct ground traffic and the corresponding ground traffic effect on kerbside and parking infrastructure requirements at OR Tambo International Airport (Master’s thesis, University of Cape Town) https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/9991

Alface, G. P. (2019). Parking guiding system with occupation prediction (Doctoral dissertation). https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/handle/10071/20239

Chiang, G., Fan, S., Ku, J., Lim, C. K. D., Wong, K. C. K., Shen, P., & Zhou, Y. (2019). Stadium Neighborhood Underground Parkade and Water Storage.https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/18861/18861/items/1.0386999

Coloma, J. F., García, M., Wang, Y., & Monzón, A. (2017). Green Eco-driving effects in non-congested cities. Sustainability, 10(1), 28.

Enríquez, F., Soria, L. M., Álvarez-García, J. A., Velasco, F., & Déniz, O. (2017, June). Existing approaches to smart parking: An overview. In International Conference on Smart Cities (pp. 63-74). Springer, Cham.

Giampaoli, L. E., & Hessel, F. (2021, June). Parking Space Occupancy Monitoring System Using Computer Vision and IoT. In 2021 IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) (pp. 7-12). IEEE.

Horner, J. (2016). Activating the Edge: Revitalizing the Downtown through the Adaptive Reuse of Front Street Parkade in New Westminster, British Columbia.

Jenna, H. S., Adarsh, S., Chandran, N. V., Ananthan, R., Sabir, A., & Asharaf, S. (2019). Park chain: a blockchain-powered parking solution for smart cities. Frontiers in Blockchain, pp. 2, 6.

Jenna, H. S., Adarsh, S., Chandran, N. V., Ananthan, R., Sabir, A., & Asharaf, S. (2019). Park chain: a blockchain-powered parking solution for smart cities. Frontiers in Blockchain, p. 2, 6.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2019.00006/full

Munawar, I., Rizky, A., & Rusman, P. (2022). Automatic VLP’S Recognition For Smart Parking System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY (IJEAT), 5(1), 17-29. https://inter-journal.nusaputra.ac.id/IJEAT/article/view/56

Wang, F., Soria Morillo, L. M., Álvarez García, J. A., Velasco Morente, F., & Déniz, O. (2017). Existing approaches to smart parking: An overview. In Smart-CT: Second International Conference on Smart Cities (2018), pp. 63-74. Springer.https://idus.us.es/handle/11441/125913

Xia, B., Wu, J., Wang, J., Fang, Y., Shen, H., & Shen, J. (2021). Sustainable renewal methods of urban public parking spaces under shared autonomous vehicles (SAV) scenario: A review and proposal. Sustainability, 13(7), 3629.https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/su13073629