Faith Williams Bibliography:
“Letter from W. I. Sargent to President Harry S. Truman: Harry S. Truman.” Letter from W. I. Sargent to President Harry S. Truman | Harry S. Truman, https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/research-files/letter-w-i-sargent-president-harry-s-truman. This is a letter to Truman regarding his National Healthcare plan. W. I. Sargent does like the idea; however, he believes Truman is going about it the wrong way. He does not think that it should deduct 4% from their salary. He believes that it is too expensive and the common man should not have to pay that much for health insurance.
Donovan, Robert J. Conflict and Crisis: the Presidency of Harry S. Truman, 1945-1948. University of Missouri Press, 1996, https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=d0uu-j32elUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Truman’s health insurance 1945&ots=bub_knzj_0&sig=53kgK3vvD6ujoDPCXOb9RErwddc#v=onepage&q=Truman’s health insurance 1945&f=false. This is a book written about President Turman’s presidency. It goes into great detail of him becoming president and what he did during his term. It discusses his want for comprehensive health insurance. He wanted more benefits for older people and survivors. I will use this source to provide the needed background information.
“In Truman’s Home Town, Clinton Vows to Complete Health Care Drive.” Factiva, The Washington Post, https://global.factiva.com/ga/default.aspx. This newspaper article addresses Clinton talking to people about universal healthcare in Truman’s home hometown. This article will help show the impact Truman’s efforts had on the future. Clinton wanted to win the fight for healthcare for Truman. It mentions that Truman’s name was brought up many times during Clinton’s fights for healthcare. This article proves that Truman’s fight helped jumpstart healthcare for the future.
“President Harry S. Truman’s Federal Health Insurance Plan.” California and Western Medicine, vol. 63, no. 6, 1945, pp. 270–4, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1473701/pdf/calwestmed00012-0044.pdf . In this section, the author discusses President Truman’s health insurance plan in great detail. It starts off with his message to Congress. It quotes his actual message, the first part emphasizing how he wanted to offer every American affordable health care. The second part discusses how the Selective Service System has uncovered a wide range of incapacity among younger people. Throughout the whole message to Congress he basically says everyone deserves equal health care opportunity without the burden of debt falling upon them. He believes that any person with a job and their dependents should be covered. This whole section is just his message, I will use it as a primary source to show what Truman really believed.
Schremmer, Robert D, and Jane F Knapp. “Harry Truman and Health Care Reform: The Debate Starts Here.” Pediatrics Perspectives, 7 Dec. 2010, https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/127/3/399.full.pdf. In this article it discusses the starting point and evolution of national health insurance. It highlights how Truman was the first president to propose this system. He introduced it to help people not be distraught by the extreme cost during their illness. Immediately after Truman’s address, the WMD bill authors redrafted their legislation. Title I focused on public health services and maternal and child health care, and Title II established compulsory health insurance. The authors discussed how hard it was to get this legislation passed. This plan failed, but caused little victories throughout.
Van Way, Charles W. “It All Started with Harry.” Missouri Medicine, vol. 109, no. 1, 2012, pp. 26–28. This article goes through everything. It goes through Truman trying to get national health insurance and how his attempt failed. It later goes on to talk about how he influenced national health care in the future. I will use this to help show that Truman did not get health insurance himself, but he did have a great impact on it.
Mstyrius Hicks Annotated Bibliographies:
“A Brief History of Birth Control in the U.S.” Our Bodies Ourselves. Accessed September 18, 2019. https://www.ourbodiesourselves.org/book-excerpts/health-article/a-brief-history-of-birth-control/.
This article provided a timeline of events about when the pill was introduced along with the Comstock laws and when it was approved by the FDA. The timeline ranged from 3000 B.C to 2019 making the relevance of studying the topic clear. It is relevant today because people have been trying to create different forms of contraceptives since 3000 B.C and people are still currently using them, improving these methods, and developing new ones.
Watkins, Elizabeth Siegel. On the Pill: A Social History of Oral Contraceptives, 1950–1970. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
This book starts with an overview of the 1950’s explaining how the pill was initially conceived. Upon the brief explanation of the history of the pill the author covers two decades worth American reactions the use of this new pill. In this book Watkins expresses the limitations of the pill and how it may be unhealthy or dangerous.
Buttar, Aliya,, Seward, Sheraden, “Enovid: The First Hormonal Birth Control Pill”. Embryo Project Encyclopedia (2009-01-20). ISSN: 1940-5030 http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/1956.
This article introduced the first pill as the Enovid pill conceived by Margaret Sanger and Gregory Pincus. It was not the first form of a contraceptive but the first oral contraceptive. During this time period was the eugenics movement. The eugenics movement was when reproduction was encouraged for some and discouraged for others. The pill was a strategy to fix problems of family planning and population control. The pill was also a strategy to eliminate poverty. The pill eliminated poverty by stopping unwanted children that weren’t in the budget of those that conceived them.
“Woman of Valor.” Google Books. Accessed September 18, 2019. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vNkTEWUQXIcC&oi=fnd&pg=PA11&dq=birth+control+movement&ots=UvAFwwW1-x&sig=NCYIF3jWrRza4OiZ0bBwGvb4fvY#v=onepage&q=birth control movement&f=false.
This book was about Margaret Sanger’s journey in helping birth control being legal. It explains how Sanger was interested in Eugenics and worked alongside Gregory Pincus in creating the pill. This was an autobiography about Sanger’s childhood, private life and her role in the public.Margaret Sanger dedicated herself and her life to helping women in the fight for women’s contraceptives. In 1917 she went to jail for giving out women’s contraceptives to immigrants. When doctors and scientists first began to market the pill she had already passed on and never got to see the results of her hard work. Her name became synonymous with Birth control as all she ever wanted to do was open clinics to pride birth control for women. Sanger wanted to open clinics in the western states where ideas towards contraception were more open. This article is beneficial as it shows how a prominent figures life was devoted to aiding women in developing the right to use contraceptives and have access to them. This source can be used as background knowledge.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Comstock Act.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Accessed September 18, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/event/Comstock-Act.
This article came from an encyclopedia explained the Comstock Laws. The Comstock laws were created to stop the distribution of birth control. These laws were the reason Margaret Sanger was placed in jail for selling birth control as a contraceptive and giving out information about birth control.
Hardin, Garrett. Population, evolution, and birth control. 1969.
This book went into depth about the controversies of birth Control. Birth Control was not widely admired but it did serve its purpose in aiding with population control. The Author Garret Hardin believe that population control was imperative to human survival. It consists of numerous letters and thoughts of important people during the time like Martin Luther King and more importantly Margaret Sanger.
Kennedy, David M. Birth control in America: the career of Margaret Sanger. Vol. 18. Yale University Press, 1970.
This book is a biography pertaining to Margaret Sanger’s life and the movements she led. It mentions mostly the Birth Control Movement and she used her ideas to bring attention to the importance of the movement. The book illuminates the idea that it was largely based on Margaret Sanger’s efforts that the birth control pill came to the market as a contraceptive.
“Primary Sources.” Birth Control. Accessed November 17, 2019. https://kassiejacquiebirthcontrol.weebly.com/primary-sources.html.
This is a website about the evolution of birth control. This article tells us about Margaret Sanger’s magazine/journal “Birth Control Review” and illegal clinics. The FDA didn’t approve the pill as a contraceptive until 1960 before that it was only approved for menstrual problems.
Sanger, Margaret. “Birth Control Research on the March.” The public writings and speeches of Margaret Sanger, October 1952.
This is an article from one publication of Margaret Sanger’s Magazine/Journal “Birth Control Review.” This was an update from the time period of where the community stood on the topic of birth control becoming a legal contraceptive. At the time there were other forms of contraceptives like the tea although they were still working on the pill.
Trinity Smith Bibliography
Impact Of Measles in the United States. A Hinman-W Orenstein-A Bloch-K Bart-D Eddins-R Amler-C Kirby – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6878996
This website talks about how it was more than 500 reported deaths of the measles and by the time 95% of people were infected with the measles by the time they were 15 years old. The vaccine started in 1963 and had a impact on the whole world because of how it was bringing the rates of the measles down. Some parents felt like their children should not get the vaccine because there was not a lot of research on it.
Lawrence Solomon: The Untold Story Of Measles. Lawrence Solomon – https://business.financialpost.com/opinion/lawrence-solomon-the-untold-story-of-measles
This website is used for the graph shown on the subtopic of the measles.
The college of Physicians of Philadelphia. “Vaccines for Adults.” The History of Vaccines. Last modified January 17, 2018. Accessed September 11, 2019. https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/vaccines-adults.
This source talks about measles and how people born before 1957 were already considered immune to measles and mumps since the diseases were so wide spread in the pre vaccine era. People needed to get booster shots or get re vaccinated because of how wide spread it was at the time.
What does the measles rash look like. Hanna Marton – https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blog/what-does-measles-rash-look-like
This website was used to show an image of the measles rash on the subtopic page of the measles.
Why It Took So Long To Eliminate Measles. Tara Haelle – https://www.history.com/news/measles-vaccine-disease
This website was used to get an image of a doctor giving a child the measles vaccine.
Nicolle Bibliography
Stevens, R A. Health Care in the Early 1960s. 1996, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4193636/.
In Rosemary Steven’s article, “Health Care in the early 1960’s” she describes the medical technology gaps that existed, specifically in the United States. Steven begins by highlighting the many improvements in medical practices, and increased amenities, that America has implemented into their hospitals. However, she then explains that because of the expenses establishing such a high-grade medical facility, the access to them are unequal throughout the country. Consequently, many minorities, such as retirees, and non-whites, lack proper health care services.
Reynolds, P Preston. “Professional and Hospital Discrimination and the US Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit 1956-1967.” American Journal of Public Health, © American Journal of Public Health 2004, May 2004, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1448322/.
In his article, Reynold highlights the slow process of the desegregation of hospitals in America. Discrimination was a common and legal practice that took place in hosptials thoughout the U.S and was justified with the concept of “seperate but equal”. Reynold provides details of the many court cases that held place in response to this inequality, and the actions taken by the government.
University of North Carolina, and United States District Court. [Simkins v. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital – Order]. https://dp.la/item/30fcd50a6c191825e47a7207450567c9?q=moses h cone hospital&subject=”1960-1969″&page=1.
This is a digital copy of the original documentation of the Simkin v Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital. It provides reasoning as to why segregation within hospitals is unconstitutional.
Clark, T. D., Clark, T. D., & University of North Carolina. (n.d.). Thereasea Delerine Elder oral history interview 2, 2001 May 9. Retrieved from https://dp.la/item/2e570b58d437ab378ce5f7f6777044b6?q=segregation nurses&subject=”African American nurses”.
This is an interview conducted in 2001 with former African American nurse Thereasea Elder. She talks of her experiences working in a segregated hospital as compared to working at an all-white hospital.