Annotated Bibliography
- D’Agostino, E. M., Frazier, S. L., Hansen, E., Patel, H. H., Ahmed, Z., Okeke, D., Nardi, M. I., & Messiah, S. E. (2019). Two-Year Changes in Neighborhood Juvenile Arrests After Implementation of a Park-Based Afterschool Mental Health Promotion Program in Miami–Dade County, Florida, 2015–2017. American Journal of Public Health, 109, S214–S220. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.odu.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305050
This article examines the association of a park- based after school mental health promotion program and neighborhood juvenile arrest in Dade County, Florida. The after-school program is called Fit2Lead. The Fit2Lead program was designed to provide daily physical and mental health and resilience, communication, and problem-solving skills training for at-risk youths aged 12 to 17 years through an interdisciplinary collaboration among a variety of juvenile services and other community-based partners. In this cohort study, researchers assess the association of Fit2Lead implementation and change in neighborhood youth arrests as a proxy for youth violence over 2 years. The two years span from 2015-2017. The researchers tested the association of Fit2Lead implementation and change in juvenile arrest rates by zip code, adjusting for area-level gender, age, race/ethnicity, single-parent households, and poverty. The program was done in two phases. Phase 1 offered the Fit2Lead program to youth ages 12-14 Monday through Friday 3pm to 7pm. Phase 2 was for youth ages 15-17. In this phase youth ages 15-17 are granted a year-round paid internship and 3-hour weekly enrichment, resilience, and life skills workshops. The researchers found that Fit2Lead implementation showed a significant reduction in youth arrests per 10, 000 youths aged 12 to 17 years per year compared with zip codes without program implementation. This article is relevant to my evaluation because the program that I will be evaluating also deals with youth between the age 12 and 17. They also help youth have been arrested or could possibly be arrested for committing crimes.
2. de Vries, S. L. A., Hoeve, M., Asscher, J. J., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2018). The Long-Term Effects of the Youth Crime Prevention Program “New Perspectives” on Delinquency and Recidivism. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 62(12), 3639–3661. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.odu.edu/10.1177/0306624X17751161
This article provides insight on the long-term effects of a youth program called New Perspectives. This program’s goal is the prevent continuing criminal behavior in youth. There was a total of 160 participants selected for this study. The ages range from 12 to 23 years old. Adolescents who met the criteria were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group. After the completion of the intervention, self -report follow up data was collected. The researchers also wanted to determine if the participants in the study had reoffended. To determine this information the researchers used self-port of the participants and official records from the JustID. After the 12-month completion the researchers found that there were no differences between NP and CAU in the number of rearrests and number of violent rearrests. This article is relevant because it gives insight into to the effectiveness of other youth programs.
3. Green, K. M., Doherty, E. E., Sifat, M. S., & Ensminger, M. E. (2019). Explaining continuity in substance use: The role of criminal justice system involvement over the life course of an urban African American prospective cohort. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 195, 74–81. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.odu.edu/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.033
This article focuses on a study that aims to assess how substance use, crime, and justice system involvement may influence one another from adolescence to midlife. The data that the researchers used came from a cohort study of African Americans. These participants were first studied from childhood. The study was done when these participants were in first grade. The study includes 606 boys and 636 boys during. This study went on until the participants were 42 years of age. When the participants were adolescences, the researchers would conduct interviews on their mothers. When the participants became young adults and middle aged, researchers would interview them. The researchers found that men continue to use significant substances over the full life course. They found that women were to start using substances later in their life. This article is useful because it assesses when boy and girls would typically begin using substances. This would help the Youth Empowerment Program understand the root of the problem for their participants who use drugs.
4. Harrison, A., Ramo, D., Hall, S. M., Estrada-Gonzalez, V., & Tolou-Shams, M. (2020). Cigarette Smoking, Mental Health, and Other Substance Use among Court-Involved Youth. Substance Use & Misuse, 55(4), 572–581.
This article provides information about a study that investigates the currency of cigarette smoking and the relationship between cigarette smoking, emotional and behavioral functioning, and other substance use among a sample of first-time offending court-involved, non-incarcerated youth. The methods the researchers used were enlisting youth from a family court in the Northeast. They used a variety of different methods to gather data. The Adolescent Risk Behavior Assessment was used to gather information about the youth’s substance use. The next few methods the researchers used was Behavior Assessment Schedule for Children-Second Edition, the Affect Dysregulation Scale, National Stressful Events Survey PTSD Short Scale, and the National Survey of Self-Reported Delinquency. These methods and assessments were used to measure the youths emotional and behavioral functions. The researchers found that around 9.9% of the first- time offending court-involved youth smoked cigarettes in the last 30 days. They found that the first-time offending non-incarcerated youth had not smoked cigarettes recently. Youth who smoked recently shown more emotional and behavioral symptoms. Researchers found that recent smokers were more likely to use alcohol compared to non-recent smokers. This article is relevant to my evaluation because one of the criteria to be a participant in the Youth Empowerment Program is to be a juvenile who abuse substances. This article would be useful to the stakeholders to learn about how substances affect the emotional and behavioral functions of the youth.
5. Hopkins, T., Clegg, J., & Stackhouse, J. (2018). Examining the association between language, expository discourse and offending behaviour: an investigation of direction, strength and independence. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 53(1), 113–129. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.odu.edu/10.1111/1460-6984.12330
This article is about a study that aims to examine the direction and strength of the association between language and offending behavior by comparing the receptive and expressive language and expository discourse abilities of male and female young offenders and non‐offenders in the UK, relative to the confounds of social disadvantage, years of education attended and non‐verbal IQ. The researchers recruited a sample of 52 young offenders from a local youth center. They also recruited a group of young non-offenders. The researchers found that language difficulties are often hidden and that it can be disguised by emotional and behavioral needs. This article is useful in helping people understand there may be other challenges that are causing youth to act out. The article could also be useful to other youth programs who want to understand juvenile delinquency. The program may want to provide prevention instead of intervention.
6. Mbonane, T. P., Mathee, A., Swart, A., & Naicker, N. (2019). A study protocol to determine the association between lifetime lead exposure and violent criminal behaviour in young males in conflict with the law. BMC Public Health, 19(1), N.PAG. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.odu.edu/10.1186/s12889-019-7025-5
This article is about researchers’ speculation that young males in South Africa have a high level of lead in their body that is causing them to be charged for violent acts. The method used was a cross-sectional analytical study. The population that the researchers sampled were from ages 14-21who have committed crime and have been convicted of a crime. The estimated sample size was 250 and the currency of lead exposure and criminal behavior was 30%. Blood samples were collected using a sterile test tube that contained the anticoagulant ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) by registered nurses from the SAMRC. The researchers found that there is a lack of evidence that suggest lead exposure is the cause of violent criminal behavior in South Africa. This article is useful to to people who want to know how certain elements can affect one’s behavior, in particular criminal behavior. This would help youth program in finding reasons for certain children’s behaviors.
7. McDonough, K., & Knight, E. K. (2023). Inequitable access to sport in juvenile justice across the USA: findings from a national survey. Health Promotion International, 38(2), 1–11. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.odu.edu/10.1093/heapro/daac170
This article discusses how the implementation of sport in juvenile justice systems will support positive health outcomes for incarcerated youth. According to the article the use of sport to contribute to psychological, emotional, intellectual, and social development has been referred to in practice and in the literature as positive youth development (PYD) through sport. Researchers used a 24-item survey to systematically describe and categorize sport programs in post-adjudicated, long-term, secure juvenile correctional facilities across the USA by frequency, type and identified purpose. The researchers found that there was a 46% response rate. Half respondents were administrators, and the other half were facility directors. This article is relevant because discuss the positive ways to improve incarcerated youth. The Youth Empowerment Program also focus on ways to improve positive development in the youth. This article gives insight to what other services youth programs can provide to better the development of their participants.
8. Mongilio, J. (2022). Childhood Head Injury as an Acquired Neuropsychological Risk Factor for Adolescent Delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency, 59(6), 756–790. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.odu.edu/10.1177/00224278221081140
The article focuses on the correlation between childhood head injury and criminal behavior. Individuals who experience some sort of early-life trauma, such as a HI, should be more likely to initiate delinquent behavior early and engage in more serious delinquent behaviors. In this study, data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) are used to examine the effect of childhood head injury on onset and persistence of adolescent criminal behavior. The data observes 18,000 children and families to get insight about their physical, social, cognitive, and behavioral development throughout the new millennium. The data was collected between the ages of 9 months and 14 years old. The researchers concluded that there is some correlation between childhood brain injury and juvenile criminal behavior. This article is useful because it could help the Youth Empowerment Program understand why some adolescents engage in criminal behavior at an early. The study can help improve some of their services they provide to their participants who may have experienced trauma.
9. Seifert, H. T. P., Tunno, A. M., Briggs, E. C., Hill, S., Grasso, D. J., Adams, Z. W., & Ford, J. D. (2022). Polyvictimization and Psychosocial Outcomes Among Trauma-Exposed, Clinic-Referred Youth Involved in the Juvenile Justice System. Child Maltreatment, 27(4), 626–636. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.odu.edu/10.1177/10775595211025096
In this article researchers focus on the polyvictimization of emotional and behavioral problem that could be linked to juvenile involvement and other public sector systems. The participants in this study were taken from the NCTSN CDS that includes data between 2004 and 2010 from children who were receiving trauma focused mental health services. The methods used in this study are person-centered. This method is used to identify polyvictimization pattern in youth who have been exposed to trauma, clinic referred, and justice involved youth. The data was collected using a standard intake assessment. The participants in this study have experienced a variety of traumatic events. There were three classes that were identified. The classes were the mixed trauma/bereavement exposure group, maltreatment polyvictimized group, and maltreatment plus extreme violence polyvictimized group. The researchers found that polyvictimized youth were likely to be female, in out-of-home placements, and experiencing PTSD. This article is useful because the Youth Empowerment Program can gain insight into the reasons why some youth have behavioral problems. Many youths act out because of the trauma they experience. The trauma may still be happening. This results in a child who has behavioral problems.
10. Walters, G. D. (2018). Proactive and Reactive Criminal Thinking and Self-Reported Offending: A Cross-National Survey of Seventh-Through Ninth-Grade Boys and Girls. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 62(1), 89–107. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.odu.edu/10.1177/0306624X16645600
The article discusses a study that aims to assess the cross-national generalizability of the moderately strong relationship between proactive criminal thinking (PCT) and reactive criminal thinking (RCT) and whether RCT correlates better with self- reported offending than PCT across gender and international cluster. This study used data from the Second International Self-Reported Delinquency Study from 2005-2007. The sample is from participants living in 30 different countries. The participants in this study ranged from ages 12 to 15. The researchers found that Anglo-Saxon participants scored high in the criminal thinking and offending category. Western Europeans participants had moderate score in proactive criminal thinking and reactive criminal thinking. Post-Socialist participants, by comparison, scored moderately on proactive criminal thinking, high on reactive criminal thinking, and low on offending and Latin American participants scored high on proactive criminal thinking, moderate on reactive criminal thinking, and very low on offending. This article is useful for programs to understand the mind of a young criminal. I also believe that this article will help with biases that some people have towards certain demographic as it pertains to crime.