CYSE 201S Article Review: Social Science & Impact of Cyber-Victimization’s on Anger and Frustration
Jaedyn D. Joe
Old Dominion University
CYSE 201S: Cybersecurity & Social Sciences
Dr. Diwakar Yalpi
February 22nd, 2025
CYSE 201S Article Review: Social Science & Impact of Cyber-Victimization’s on Anger and Frustration
Introduction
Due to the constant increase of technology used in different disciplines in our society, there has been an increase in cybercrimes and cyber-victimization. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, researchers have found that victims of cybercrime experienced an increase of anger and frustration because of repetitive and intrusive nature of online harassment. Furthermore, this paper specifically focuses on how professionals physically and mentally suffer from the effects of cyber-victimization which could affect their performance in their careers. To combat cybercrime, researchers in the Saudi Arabia, are studying the incorporation of AI, E-governance, and how their research relates to the principles of social sciences.
Empiricism
To start, empiricism relates to the cyber-victimization research because both involve studying behavior. The definition of empiricism is the study of behavior which is real to the five senses (touch, sight, taste, hear, and smell). This research can use empiricism by focusing on sight and hearing because by figuring out what kind of cybercrime is causing frustration and anger, then researcher will have an easier time finding healthy coping strategies (Aliane & Mirzaliev, 2024). According to studies, individuals who used adaptive coping strategies, like social support or problem-focused strategies, were said to experience lower anger and frustration compared to respondents who used avoidance or passive strategies (Dai et al., 2023).
Determinism
Next, determinism relates to the cyber-victimization research because both involve behavior influenced by past events. The definition of determinism is the behavior caused, determined, or influenced by preceding events. Determinism is a useful asset to the cyber-victimization research because it can help researchers discover what previous events and actions led to the victim to becoming a target for cybercrimes. According to studies, the dual mediating role of AI in cybersecurity and e-governance is based on their complementary functions in dealing with cyber-victimization (Ezeji, 2024). Additionally, determinism can help further incorporate the use of AI and e-governance to prevent victims for taking the same actions that led to them getting attacked and helping the government identify the cybercriminals (Aliane & Mirzaliev, 2024).
Conclusion
To sum up, to combat cybercrime, researchers in the Saudi Arabia, are studying the incorporation of AI, E-governance, and how their research relates to the principles of social sciences to prevent cyber-victimization. The goal for this research is for professionals to overcome psychological trauma and to reduce the amount of cyber-victimization for future generations.
References
Aliane, N., & Mirzaliev, S. (2024). Impact of cyber-victimization’s on anger and frustration: Role of ai, e-governance and cyberbullying coping. International Journal of Cyber Criminology , 18(1), 171–194. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4766810
Article Review #2
CYSE 201S Article Review #2: Measuring Undergraduate Students’ Cybersecurity Behavior with Measurement Instruments
Jaedyn D. Joe
Old Dominion University
CYSE 201S: Cybersecurity & Social Sciences
Dr. Diwakar Yalpi
April 12th, 2025
CYSE 201S Article Review #2: Measuring Undergraduate Students’ Cybersecurity Behavior with Instruments
Introduction
Throughout the years, technology has continued to continue to evolve to the point where it has become a necessity in our society for us to function. Furthermore, this has allowed for the creation of “cyberspace” where we utilize things like the internet, social media, and networks. However, while technology has provided multiple benefits, the emergence of cyberattacks has harmed people’s lives and is changing the way we approach criminology. In this essay, researchers will conduct a quantitative experiment with 820 undergraduate college students’ behavior towards cybersecurity and the principles of social sciences to develop a cybersecurity behavior measurement instrument.
Relativism
To start, the first principle that relates to the cybersecurity behavior experiment is relativism. The relativism principle focuses on how all things are related to one another. For example, according to Jones et al. (2009), 97% of students use the internet for communication. Furthermore, Russo et al. (2023) noted that students using smartphones frequently ignore cybersecurity risks, while Kovacevic et al. (2023) highlighted that students typically lack awareness of how to protect themselves. Through relativism and research, researchers were able to conclude that constant communication through the internet and a lack of cybersecurity awareness relates to an increase of undergraduate students becoming victims of cyberattacks.
Determinism
Next, the second principle of social sciences that relates to the cybersecurity behavior experiment is determinism. The determinism principle researches that behavior caused, determined, or influenced by preceding events. Also, determinism believes that individuals should be held accountable for their actions. According to Ngamcharoen et al. (2024), “These students, having grown up alongside technological advancements and being accustomed to navigating the digital landscape, face a heightened risk of becoming victims of cybercrime.” Undergraduate students knowingly or unknowingly have experienced cybercrime events while browsing the internet when they were younger, which has led them to think that it is just a normal thing that happens on the internet. Determinism and research have shown that the lack of cybersecurity awareness and knowledge while growing up with technology has desensitized undergraduate students into thinking cybercrime is not significant.
Skepticism
Lastly, the last principle of social sciences that relates to the cybersecurity behavior experiment is skepticism. The skepticism principle focuses on that all claims should be questioned and critically examined rather than accepted without proof. Skepticism and cybersecurity actively work together because as technology advances, cybercrime will be able to find new exploits to harm more individuals. According to Bidgoli et al. (2016), the research, which surveyed 222 students, found that half had encountered at least one form of cybercrime, with malware, hacking, and scamming being the most prevalent. Since most undergraduate lack cybersecurity awareness and knowledge, they will not be able to what they should be skeptical about while browsing on the internet. However, seven strategies that can help undergraduates prevent cybercrime are regularly updating software and operating systems, employing antivirus software, creating complex passwords, refraining from opening email attachments from unknown sources, avoiding links from unfamiliar senders or websites, consistently backing up data, and steering clear of insecure Wi-Fi networks, which heighten the risk of cyber-attacks (Safitra et al., 2023).
Conclusion
In conclusion, researchers were able to create a cybersecurity behavior measurement instrument with the cybersecurity behavior experiment and the principles of social science. The measurement tool effectively explained 64.187% of the cybersecurity behavior exhibited by undergraduate students (Ngamcharoen et al., 2024). The future goal for this tool is that it will help further future research in cybersecurity behavior to understand what leads into individuals becoming victims of cybercrime.
References
Ngamcharoen, P., Sakdapat, N., & Emma Bhanthumnavin, D. (2024, January). Development and evaluation on cybersecurity behaviour measurement instruments for undergraduate students. International Journal of Cyber Criminology ; Open Access. https://cybercrimejournal.com/menuscript/index.php/cybercrimejournal/article/view/351/103