The opportunities for workplace deviance via cyber technology or “White-Collar 
Cybercrime” according to Payne’s 2018 publication White-Collar Cybercrime: White-Collar 
Crime, Cybercrime, or Both? have been created due to the evolution and integration of cyber 
technology within the modern workplace. According to Payne, although few researchers have 
explored workplace cybercrime, our current understanding of white-collar crime and cybercrime 
is potentially limited due to failing to consider the overlap between the two (2018). The use of 
computers in the workplace have become commonplace and as a result so has the opportunity for 
“Computer related” white-collar crime (Payne 2018). What hasn’t become commonplace, 
however, is our empirical understanding about cybercrimes within the workplace (Payne 2018). 
According to Payne, it is imperative to achieve this understanding in order to determine an 
appropriate approach to respond via white-collar crime strategies, cybercrime strategies, or other 
methods (2018). 
Payne describes that there is a high “dark figure” in both the cybercrime and white-collar 
crime categories and defines these types of crimes as those “that cannot be detected without a 
high level of investigation” (2018). Basically, our current system of investigation is still trying to 
catch up to the effects that the domination of computer technology has had on our society. This 
“Dark figure” as well as the widely disputed definitions of “cybercrime” and “white-collar crime” 
contribute to these types of crimes being underrepresented and unreported (Payne 2018). Cyber 
technology has given rise to opportunities within the workplace for white collar crimes such as 
corporate crime (price gouging, false advertising), crime in the economic system (insider trading) 
and cybercrimes such as online fraud and digital piracy (Payne 2018). It goes without saying that 
our attention to (and the study of) the relationship between the loosely defined topics of 
“cybercrime” and “white-collar crime” should be a primary focus as cyber technology continues 
to envelop our society. 
References 
Payne, B. K. (2018). White-Collar Cybercrime: White-Collar Crime, Cybercrime, or Both? 
Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society, 19(3), 16–32.