Article 1

In this article, news articles and databases were reviewed reporting cyber-incidents, cybercrimes, hacks and other attacks. During the research, various types of harm was identified and a taxonomy of cyber-harms encountered by organizations was created. This taxonomy consist of five broad themes including physical or digital harm, economic harm, psychological harm, reputational harm, and social and societal harm. The use of a taxonomy allows organizations to identify corporate assets, link these to different types of cyber-harm, measure those harms then consider the security controls needed. The topic relates to social sciences due to the behaviors and interactions between the hacker and the organization that is being harmed. The study’s hypotheses is a taxonomy of organizational cyber-harm which should help researchers to consider the full range of harms that might result from cyber-attacks, when developing risk treatments. A chart was created presenting a taxonomy for organizational cyber-harm. In the PowerPoint, it states that theories go beyond individual motives, which relate to the article because a cybercriminal might focus on an individual and their mental well-being and psyche to take advantage of them. Overall misuse of technology in the Social and Societal space range from negative changes of public perception, to the disruption of the daily lives of the public. After an attack, the public may view a certain type of technology as unreliable or insecure. It is best to monitor attacks before they happen and put together plans and procedures to prevent them from happening. In this article, a taxonomy was necessary to put together a reliable plan to control cyber-harm in organizations.

Agrafiotis et al., (2018). A taxonomy of cyber-harms: Defining the impacts of cyber-attacks and understanding how they propagate. Journal of Cybersecurity. https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article/4/1/tyy006/5133288?searchresult=1.

Article 2

As a developing economy, Saudi Arabia faces numerous cybersecurity challenges in the digital workplace. The most significant cybersecurity challenges faced by firms in Saudi Arabia is due to the lack of awareness and training, insider threats, and social engineering attacks. cultural, social, and economic factors may play an important influence in Saudi Arabia. With cultural, social, and economic factors making an important influence in Saudi Arabia it causes challenges in digital nature firms and on identifying practical solutions to address these challenges. The hypothesis in this article, is low awareness of cyber security risks was common among the staff. Also, that insufficient training on cyber hygiene left the organization vulnerable to common threats like malware and phishing attacks. The research method that was used is qualitative research, this enables the researcher to collect in-depth information and insights from participants to fully understand the problems to resolve them. Purposive sampling technique is used to identify participants with relevant cybersecurity experience and knowledge. The researchers used a multistage procedure to collect data gathering from twenty respondents. Behavioral theories from the PowerPoint relate to this article, due to the lack of awareness led to employees engaging in risky behaviors. This includes clicking on suspicious links or downloading malicious attachments, which can compromise the organization’s data and systems. Overall, any organization experiencing cyber security risk can use these methods to research and find better ways to protect themselves. Having plans and procedures in place in case of a cybersecurity risk is always helpful in the future as you never know when you will need it.

Muthuswamy, V., (2023). Cyber Security Challenges Faced by Employees in the Digital Workplace of Saudi Arabia’s Digital Nature Organization. International Journal of Cyber Criminology. https://cybercrimejournal.com/menuscript/index.php/cybercrimejournal/article/view/133/49.