In this article we discuss some of the vulnerabilities that are associated with critical
infrastructure systems. We will also dive into how SCADA applications can mitigate those risks.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, also known as “SCADA,” is an industrial
control system used to control physical processes. These processes range from water
treatment, airports, and ships to production and manufacturing. SCADA can be used to monitor and/or control these processes. It is composed of several components, including the human machine interface, remote terminal units, supervisory stations, and communication infrastructures. The HMI is the interface through which operators interact with the SCADA system. This interface can show real-time data and provide quick control access. The RTU is a device responsible for collecting and transmitting data. Supervisory stations are the main components of SCADA. They are responsible for gathering data received by the RTUs and processing and sending commands to control processes (SCADA N.A).
Critical Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
Critical infrastructure systems are very important in today’s world and are widely used around the globe daily. However, due to their popularity and importance, they are prone to numerous vulnerabilities. Some of these vulnerabilities include cyberattacks, outdated technology, sabotage, and tampering. Firstly, cyberattacks are among the most common threats. As these systems are often connected to Wi-Fi, they are vulnerable to attacks by hackers who try to gain access and cause disruptions, as well as spread misinformation. An increasingly prevalent vulnerability is the age of the technology. Many critical infrastructure systems rely on older technology that may be easier for unauthorized access. Also, as technology advances, these older systems can become slow, unreliable, and even obsolete. Although tampering may not seem like a significant concern, given that these systems are physically present, individuals can gain access to it and potentially cause damage.
Mitigations
While there are many vulnerabilities associated with these systems, SCADA does consider them and fix ways to mitigate and decrease any mishaps or misuse that may arise. Regarding mitigations for cyberattacks, SCADA can detect and monitor operations in real-time. This allows the system to identify anomalies or anything disruptive to the systems promptly. Such real-time monitoring aids in countering attacks because the data is analyzed immediately, enabling operators to swiftly respond. SCADA also utilizes encryption to ensure information is kept safe. Moreover, SCADA addresses the challenge of old technology by integrating with legacy systems. These systems are designed to integrate with infrastructure like outdated technology. This integration enables organizations to achieve modern control and enhanced security even when utilizing old machinery (Linkedin 2024). SCADA mitigates tampering and sabotage by limiting access. Given that most of the technology used has a physical presence in the world, SCADA ensures that only authorized personnel can gain access to the machines. Not only does it monitor access, but operators also employ surveillance cameras. Therefore, if anyone gains unauthorized entry, they can be identified, and appropriate consequences can be administered.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a control system utilized for real-time monitoring and data analysis. Like many systems worldwide, SCADA is susceptible to vulnerabilities, including but not limited to cyberattacks, sabotage, tampering, and outdated technology. However, SCADA effectively mitigates these risks by employing data encryption, integrating with existing infrastructure, implementing surveillance measures, and controlling access to the systems
References
Linkedin. “What Are the Most Effective Techniques for Integrating a SCADA System with Legacy
Systems?” www.linkedin.com, December 24, 2024.
https://www.linkedin.com/advice/1/what-most-effective-techniques-integrating-
oihde#:~:text=Another%20technique%20for%20integrating%20a.
SCADA Systems. “SCADA Systems.” www.scadasystems.net, n.d.
https://www.scadasystems.net/.