Blog 10

My initial course expectations were met and exceeded. Initially I expected this course to provide me with a solid foundation on which to explore psychology on a more in depth level in future courses. I feel that the course has provided the foundation that I was seeking while also leading to an in depth exploration of topics that are new to me; as well as, topics that are not. This course allowed me to observe myself and those around me from a more educated perspective in regards to social interaction. 

I do feel that I have achieved the course objectives. There are two objectives that stand out to me approaching the end of this course; the origins and effects of prejudice and discrimination, and being able to make connections and integrate learning between courses and outside experiences. These two objectives provided greatest impact for me created to other objectives from the course. Pulling from these objectives will create the most impact on both the personal and educational aspects of my life. 

My attitudes about Social Psychology have changed a great deal throughout this course. Having a better understanding of why individuals react in certain ways to their social world has helped me to be more empathetic, and responsive to the needs of those around me. With greater knowledge of the underlying causes and reasoning behind certain behaviors, there is a greater degree of acceptance of behaviors displayed by others that previous to taking this course would have been strange to me. 

If I could take this class again I would ensure that I devoted more time to studying. The abundance of information throughout this course can be overwhelming at times. In order to better commit more information to memory and retain the greatest amount of knowledge devoting more time to studying the notes and assignments from beginning to end would be beneficial. 

I have grown academically throughout the process of this course. The most significant difference I have noticed is my ability to draw information from one course and apply it to subjects in other courses to grasp a better understanding of them. Learning facts from one course that apply to other courses and using that information to retain knowledge from both courses has been very beneficial. 

Working with the word press link and creating a page with so many different aspects was a new task for me. I have never worked with technology in such an in depth manner before. At first it was a bit frustrating, but after significant practice I became more comfortable with it. I think this introduction to utilizing technology will be a skill extremely useful in my professional life in the future. 

Visual Representation 

This is an image of the home page from my word press site. I chose this image to represent this blog entry because it represents a new technological skill that I learned in creating a web page. It also represents the vast amount of academic knowledge I have gained throughout this course. 

Blog 9

The top three things I learned throughout this course that had the greatest educational impact were heuristics, the breakdown of stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination, and racism, followed by emotional self-regulation. The four types of heuristics and how they help us to make difficult decisions in an efficient manner led to a great deal of thought on how I myself interpret and process the things around me. As shortcuts, they provide a way to rely on previous information and make quick decisions but do not always lead to the better decision. Sometimes a more thought out solution leads to a more beneficial outcome. The chapter relating to stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination and racism was detailed and through the breakdown of each topic and how they relate and play off of one another is something that I can use in my own life to direct my thoughts and actions in a direction that in no way belittles any other individual on these grounds. Also, the information I learned on these topics will be beneficial in raising my children into individuals who value others for their personal characteristics rather than forming conclusions about others based on the social group they are included in. Emotional self-regulation was the third most important thing that I will take from this course. The Blog 7 assignment required watching a video in which Linda Ferguson explained how emotions are instinctual, acting on them impulsively is does not always provide the best outcome. Rationally thinking about our emotions before acting on them aids in the development of our ability to self-regulate and make decisions that result in more desirable outcomes. This is useful in everyday life in all situations that invoke emotion; which is quite often. It can have a significant on the relationships that we form with any individual that we may interact with throughout our lives. 

The idea of heuristics from Assignment Takeaway 1 is a concept that applies to the concept of prejudice from Assignment Takeaway 2. We learn through our social environment and those around us. If we are conditioned thought our lives to associate stereotypes with certain social groups, these stereotypes act as schemas which decrease cognitive effort needed to process information regarding individuals in social groups. This stereotype information will be easier to recall through automatic processing using the availability heuristic. Also, simply associating and including a person in a social group based solely on their appearance is a demonstration of the representativeness heuristic. These basic instinctive ways of reducing cognitive output in order to ease the load of information being processed by the brain leads us to separate ourselves from other groups of individuals based on differences we see on the surface. This leads to the formation attitudes based on stereotypes, which lead to prejudices, discrimination and racism. 

One thing from this course that relates to a concept learned from my physiological psychology class is the facial feedback hypothesis; the idea that facial expressions can lead to the feeling of emotions. The same study regarding the use of Botulinum toxin (BOTOX) and its effects on the emotional responses of participants after watching positive and negative short videos was used in both classes to show evidence for different topics related to emotion. In this class; social psychology, it was used to show how feedback from the muscles in our face helps to form our emotions. Physiological psychology focused on the James-Lange theory in which emotions are a result of arousal of the autonomic nervous system; emotions result from changes in the body, not the other way around. The same research provided evidence supporting two separate theories related to different aspects of psychology!

Visual Representation

I selected this image due to its importance in accurately displaying how I organized my thoughts for this assignment.

Blog 8

The concept of sexual conflict makes perfect sense as a result of evolutionary psychology. In regards to an evolutionary perspective, the genetic predisposition of males and females is completely different, due to the fact that, men have their best chance at passing on their genes to the next generation by reproducing with as many females as possible while women ensure their own genetic lineage by producing and effectively raising their offspring ensuring those offspring mature to an age to reproduce. 

These genetic tendencies are evident in the typical behaviors of men and women. The article by Dewall and Myers describes the three stages of the mating process; prior to consummation, after forming a relationship, and after a breakup, showing examples of behaviors of men and women. During the first stage, before consummation, Dewall and Myers explain that men are more likely to lie to women about being in love in order to be able to mate at an earlier time, while this behavior is less typical of women. These behaviors are explained by the fact that men have an evolutionary urge to reproduce as quickly and as often as possible while women tend to try and ensure that their mate will produce viable, healthy offspring and be around to help protect and provide for them. They go on to elaborate on the second stage where a relationship has been formed and jealousy is exhibited due to a fear that one partner or the other will not be faithful. Infidelity jeopardizes the wellbeing and future of any offspring between the two individuals. Men tend to be less tolerant of infidelity because of the need to be sure that any offspring produced are in fact their own in order to continue genetic lineage. 

Sexual conflict causes women and men to upset one another emotionally quite frequently. For example, men upset women by making multiple advances when they are interested in a woman even though no interest is shown in interacting with them, are often distant; not as emotionally involved with their partner in a relationship as is expected, or women often times, can feel overwhelmed in the home environment due to the expectation held by men that women hold the majority of the responsibility regarding upkeep. Women upset men by being too clingy, not completing tasks in the manner expected by her mate (not doing it the way he would), and being jealous when men interact with other women even though women are more likely to forgive infidelity than men. 

I chose this image to represent the Blog 8 entry because it shows one example of women taking on the majority of responsibility in the home environment. It also shows the evolutionary perspective of gender differences being due to men having a greater chance at successfully passing on their genes by reproducing with as many women as possible.

Blog 7

In Linda Ferguson’s video on emotional self-regulation, she implies that self-regulation should play off of the emotions that we experience. Emotions are instinctual, but it is important to take time and give rational thought as to why we are feeling these emotions and whether they are worthy of being acted upon. In doing so, we develop a greater ability to self-regulate, making better decisions with better overall outcomes. 

To me emotional intelligence involves the ability to maintain composure even in the most difficult situations. Taking the time to process emotions regarding various situations in order to maintain an environment that is as stress free as possible would be characteristic of someone with a high level of emotional intelligence. Being able to have strong emotions and choosing not to act on them until rational, conscious thought has been given. I feel that being able to pick up on the emotional feelings of others, not just the self, is important as well. Interacting successfully with others requires the need to sense what type of feeling they are putting out in a given situation.

One way that I could greatly improve on my emotional intelligence would be by not reacting on the emotions of anger or frustration when I feel it. When feeling these emotions it is difficult for me to force myself to think before I react. I do often try to put myself in others shoes in difficult situations, but that is usually after I have already reacted based on my emotions. Taking the time to consider the situation and determine if acting on anger or frustration is warranted before deciding to act would definitely be an improvement. Often times when I feel overwhelmed with something that is happening I find that stepping away and removing myself physically into a different space to reflect helps me control instinctually acting on my emotions. I often use this technique to deal with my family members and friends; others whom I feel a personal attachment to. It is similar to some of the techniques that Ferguson described in her video. 

 These are photos of the results from two separate emotional intelligence quizzes that I found online and completed. I feel that they represent this blog well. On one I scored low in emotional intelligence and the other score was above average. I thought the final scores were interesting because they were so varied. 

Blog 6

After watching Jean Kilbourne speak on the ways that ads portray women and the consequences it carries, I felt a sense of clarity regarding what it means for society as a whole. She makes it clear that the objectification of women starts at an early age, even in public ads female children are sexualized. Its is absurd that society finds this acceptable in any sense.

Kilbourne explains; the unrealistic portrayal of women in ads leads to the projection of a perfect female ideal that is not possible to achieve. Often times women are unproportionately photoshopped or so covered in makeup that they are unrecognizable from their true selves. She points out that the objectification of women normalizes attitudes of violence; including pedophilia by sexualizing young children. She further emphasizes how objectifying women; turning them into things, leads to justification of violence against them.

I am floored. Kilbourne breaks down aspects of ads of women and points out obvious facts that are not seen because society has been desensitized to the objectification of women. It has been allowed to continue for such a substantial period of time that people do not recognize the absurdity of such ideas or the consequences for women. It creates a tendency for women to feel as though they are never good enough. Ads using some unrealistic ideal image of women being unproportionately thin, with large breasts, a large backside, long legs, a beautiful face with no flaws anywhere on their body creates an ideal that just cannot be achieved. This leads to low self-esteem amongst other negative consequences for women. It also leads to a passive and submissive tendency combined with an acceptance of being the members of a society that is full of harassment and violence directed toward women. 

The need for ads to use gender stereotypes to distort womens’ bodies in order to sell a product seems extremely unnecessary. Companies create ads that use women to sell their products, but with the use of photoshop, distortion, and dismemberment of the female form, turn them into an unrealistic objects with negative effects on the gender as a whole. They use women to draw people to their product while creating a feeling that all women are imperfect which seems backwards. If women are so seductive and can persuade and manipulate consumers into buying one product over another, they should be portrayed in the highest of standards. If companies find them to be  this valuable in drawing in customers women should be treated as this role indicates; a valuable asset to the promotion of a product versus a sexualized object at the disposal of a materialistic society. 

This video lead to a better understanding of how men and women are represented so differently in ads. Men; as usual, take on a dominant role when appearing in ads with women. Women often assuming positions that are suggestive of submissive, sexual positions with men lingering over them. A clear representation of gender stereotypes. Kilbourne states that men are often photoshopped to look bigger which is the opposite of women who are photoshopped down to unrealistic images of what used to be a human being. Men are sexualized in ads, but not in the degrading manner that women are. They are sexualized in positive ways while women are often insulted and displayed as inferior. 

Blog 5

Credible Source

This ad for a toothbrush is an example of a source that is credible due to the fact that it is recommended by actual dental professionals; experts. The ad claims that this particular brand of toothbrush is recommended by dentists more than any other. The use of information pertaining to how often practicing dentists suggest its use to patients provides the opinion of someone who is credible in the field of dentistry and creates a feeling of trust. This ad implies that not only is the company supporting its’ own product but dentists do as well. It is persuasive due to the fact that multiple professionals; presumed experts in this area, recommend it more than any other brand of toothbrush.

Not Credible Source

This campaign ad from Hilary Clinton’s presidential campaign in 2016 is an example of a source that is not credible. This ad is a clear persuasive argument in favor of the democratic candidate for the presidential election in 2016. It is meant to persuade voters in favor of Hilary Clinton and has a clear personal stake. The implication that she has already spent time in the white house refers to her husband’s terms in the presidential office. It does not speak to her personal accomplishments and is misleading in implying that she already has presidential experience because she was married to a president during his term in office.

Attractive Source

This ad is an example of an attractive source and I did find it effective. The actor Halle Berry modeling the Revlon makeup in this particular is well known and well liked. Her good looks and likable personality make her a perfect candidate for modeling a product to persuade people to buy it. Using famous celebrities to promote products uses their personal attractiveness to persuade consumers to buy a specific product, as well as, creates a link between the product and that celebrity. Every time Halle Berry is seen in a movie or other ad the consumer will automatically associate her with this product. Every time consumers see her face, they think of Revlon cosmetic products. By using someone easily recognizable and frequently in the public eye reference to this product is increased due to this association, even when consumers are not directly viewing this particular ad.

Blog 4

This process of reviewing the Exam 1 results and researching the correct answers was useful. It was useful in clarifying why I missed certain questions on the exam. I was not satisfied with my grade on this exam. It was passing but I feel that I can perform better on future exams in this course with better and more thorough preparation.

As I read through the chapters I did augment my notes which is typically my main source for review for exams. The week before the test I did not space the review sheet. I did study it, but not closely enough apparently. On future exams in this course I believe that better utilizing the review sheet and reviewing the lecture material will be extremely useful. In my experience in prior classes, my notes were the best use of review material due to the fact that they include the notes I felt relevant from the reading, as well as, the lectures. For this class, I am going to have to modify my study habits for exams and focus more on the review sheet provided by the professor.

Notes Exam 1

I chose this image for Blog 4 because it is representative of my study habits. I read the chapters assigned, take notes, and those notes are my main study material when I prepare for exams.

Blog 3

I do believe that music can play a role in relationships. Music is a way for people to find their inner peace in a way. I know that when I listen to music I am at my most relaxed, especially when listening to my favorite songs. Also, I tend to be in a good mood when my favorite songs are playing. People with interests in the same songs and type of music more than likely find that same inner peace and positive mood. When meeting people with similar music taste, it is easy to assume your personalities are similar. Associating your favorite songs with a relaxed, peaceful, and positive mood contributes to positive feelings regarding others who have the same taste in music. I have noticed a similar music preference in those closest to me. My husband and I share many favorite music choices as well as other members of my family and my closest friends. For the most part the people I am closest to do share the same values. 

Six of my favorite songs that I associate with people in my life come to mind swiftly:

1. The Breakup Song – Francesca Battistelli (Mother, religious significance)
2. When I Get Where I’m Going – Brad Paisley (Sister, Grandfather)
3. H.O.L.Y. – Florida Georgia Line (Husband)
4. You Save Me – Kenny Chesney (Husband)
5. The Lazy Song – Bruno Mars (Sister)
6. I’ll Fly Away – Alison Krauss (Grandparents, religious significance)

I chose this image for Blog 3 because it represents a relaxed and at ease feeling that I often feel when listening to my favorite songs. I feel that the association of these songs with the most important people in my life reflect how they bring different forms happiness into my life; unique to each.

Blog 2

Based on the results from the Self-Efficacy Scale I do have a high degree of self-confidence regarding my educational abilities. I am optimistic about my abilities to accomplish difficult and unexpected tasks. This indicates a strong belief that my problem solving abilities are above average.

Strictly considering my educational abilities alone while answering the questions was difficult for me. Thinking of past experiences concerning my problem solving abilities, I did not recall educational experiences, they were more often life experiences. Experiences when I was confronted with problems dealing with life. Trying to keep these thoughts in the background in order to answer the questions focusing solely on my educational experiences was a challenge.

I believe that the one thing most likely to increase my confidence on an educational level would be to focus more on school than the other things happening in my life. Educational instances were more difficult to recall when answering the questions on the self-efficacy scale. I believe this is due to the fact that getting back into school and the mindset of a student has been difficult.

Personal Self-Efficacy Scale

I chose this image to represent this blog entry because it represents the basis for all the information included in the entry itself. I feel this is the best visual representation of how I related my individual results from using the scale to the topics in the blog.

Blog 1

The course objective that stands out to me and that I am most excited about is that the information from this course being a building block for my education toward psychology. This is my first semester at ODU and this is a very promising benefit for my education going forward. Using the information in this course to further understand how and why people interact the way they do with one another and the thought processes associated with those interactions will be very useful. 

Also, being able to pass the knowledge I learn along to my children as they grow and learn about the world is appealing to me. Any head start I can give them along their journey in life is gladly welcome. I feel that building a better world begins with educating oneself and the individuals around you. Knowing why and how the mind perceives and processes information in regards to social situations will be useful to me as a mother helping my children to navigate through childhood and as a student working toward a better future. 

I expect this course to gear my mind up for in depth psychology courses. When attending Tidewater Community College for my degree in Social Sciences I did take some psychology courses but I am looking forward to furthering the information I learned there and adding to it. Further exploring psychology in depth is something I’ve been working toward for many years and to finally be in a position to accomplish one of my biggest goals is exciting. 

To be successful in this course I plan on reading the text very closely so I don’t skip any information that would be useful in future courses. Social psychology is a great place to start in depth exploration of the field of psychology in my opinion because social interaction is unavoidable and the impact it has on our lives is substantial. In depth note taking for reference when studying for exams is also something that I will focus on a great deal. In the past this has been a really big part of my studying habits and built my confidence before taking exams.  

Heuristic Notes: A Perfect Building Block

This is an image of my notes on heuristics from Chapter 2 of the text. I chose this image of this section of notes because I found it very interesting. Heuristics appear to be a huge part of the decision making process, making them essential to everyday functioning and communicating with the world around us.