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Cyber Criminology: An analysis of the Indonesian and the United States Police Perception: An Article Review
Principles of Social Science
This article, Cyber Criminology: An analysis of the Indonesian and the United States Police Perception, allows for the understanding that cyber crime throughout the world contains elements of social science. Indonesia, in contrast to the United States, has its own unique set of societal norms and social justifications. The nature of a crime, whether cyber related or not, is driven by some form of motivation. In this instance we compare the motives between American and Indonesian communities. As there are numerous cultural and economic factors that are not the same between the two, we can see how these motivators would be different. That being said, we can still categorize them within similar social categories. Some of the widely known causes for cyber crime are: money, recognition, desire, necessity (or the feeling of hopelessness), etc. We can see the implications of power and conflict within each group’s legislative government.
Questions and Hypotheses
The main goals of the study are to identify the differences and similarities between the perceptions of cyber criminology between the United States and Indonesia. Some of the big questions are as follows: what challenges does each group face, making a difference in cyber outcomes? How do current resources, or the lack thereof, make an impact on varying countries? Another, in what ways does legislature and specific laws determine the effectiveness of criminal studies and observations? The United States is a quick and ever evolving country compared to Indonesia, which often falls behind on technological advancements. The economic, social, and geographical foundations of a country can make a drastic impact on their cyber relations. The article targets the tactics and resources that differ within each country’s law enforcement. Based upon all these significant differences, American and Indonesian enforcements have differing perceptions of cyber crime (Imran, 2023).
Research Methods
For this study, primary and secondary sources and normative qualitative research methods are used. The article touches base on how the scale of a crime can impact the reaction from police and government forces. The United States refers to “high-profile cyber incidents, informing police awareness of potential impacts” while Indonesian police “prioritize community community engagement and awareness to respond” (Imran, 2023). Some of the primary and secondary sources used are laws, case laws, legislations, journals, literary reviews, etc. The use of normative qualitative research aids in understanding societal norms, beliefs, and behaviors within a certain group. This article does a good job at identifying the difference between Indonesia and the United States within regard to these categories.
Data and Analysis
“In Indonesia, police perception of cybercrime is primarily shaped by the crime’s severity, impact on individuals and businesses, and resource constraints (Bawono, 2019). In the United States, the scale of the crime, particularly high-profile cyber incidents, informs police awareness of potential impacts (Cross et al., 2021; Manu & Ntsaba, 2016)”(Imran, 2023). While quick and simple, using comparative analysis can provide a study with general differences and their impact. It also provides crucial context, supports generalizations, and helps to identify patterns and trends. Utilizing this kind of data and analysis allows for a deeper understanding of varying subjects and generating valuable insights.
Concepts of Class
In class we went over many different concepts. In relation to this article, we can come to many conclusions and draw many connections. For example, we discussed values and social norms within groups in module nine. In the United States, cyber professionals control access and the amount of information that the public may obtain. There are many variables that are dictated, especially in regard to our cyber values. Depending on the specific community, there are different societal norms and standards. In the article, we can compare and contrast the social expectations from Indonesia and the US. Module ten highlights motive identification and governance. For motive identification, we learn the reasons behind a perpetrators actions/choices.
In terms of governance, there is heavy contrast between the two focus groups from the article. Governance refers to the policies and laws that are in place for a specific region. In the article, we can compare and contrast the legislative body from A to B. Some questions we may refer back to; can a change in a country’s governance impact cyber crime? Can it be minimized? Module eleven discusses classical economic theory as “based on ideals of supply and demand and belief that government should not interfere in the economy” (Duvall, 2024). The economic disparities between the US and Indonesia are a good indicator of the difference in effectiveness for cyber security. The perceptions from the police force follow these economic values.
Marginalized Groups
In this case, some of the more direct marginalized groups may be regarding ethnic and racial, socioeconomic, and gender factors. With race, there are clear differences between Indonesia and america. In comparison to the United States, Indonesia falls within the minority. The police force, no matter the country, relies on the current and active power and law. Gender rights and happenings differ heavily from country to country as well. Women in Indonesia do not have the same level of rights and other work as the women in the US. Some of these differences come from cultural backgrounds and traditions. Economic disparities take the lead as monetary and social status can influence the evolution of a country, even its cybercrime rates and security.
Contributions
This study attempts to contribute recommendations on improving the perceptions of law enforcement in order to reduce the rates of cyber crime while also improving response and reaction to such. Another major notion and contribution is an increase in public awareness. No group can improve upon an issue or challenge if they do not know it. One of the largest pitfalls for communities is their lack of general knowledge/awareness. The article expresses the importance of improving and making changes at a faster rate. Countries like Indonesia do not have impressively developed systems for cyber security, making the need for growth and advancement even more prominent. If we can learn how to adopt outside methods and frameworks we can begin sharing our technologies to create a more working tech world.
Resources
Imran, M. (2023). Cyber Criminology: An analysis of the Indonesian and the United
States Police Perception. Cybercrimejournal. https://cybercrimejournal.com/menuscript/index.php/cybercrimejournal/article/view/224/85