Cyber technology has significantly impacted interactions between offenders and victims and I will tell you about a few ways here. The first way is taking advantage of vulnerabilities. Offenders may take advantage of vulnerabilities in victims’ online behavior, personal information, or security settings to commit cybercrimes. For example, offenders may use social engineering tactics, phishing emails, or malware to gain access to victims’ personal data, financial accounts, or sensitive information. The next way I will discuss is digital manipulation. Offenders may use cyber technology to manipulate, deceive, or coerce victims into engaging in harmful activities. This can include online grooming of minors for sexual exploitation, coercive control in intimate partner relationships, or blackmailing victims with compromising or explicit content. The next way I will talk about is cyberstalking and surveillance. Cyber technology enables offenders to engage in persistent surveillance of victims’ online activities, communications, and whereabouts. Cyberstalkers may use social media, GPS tracking, or other digital tools to monitor and intimidate victims, leading to heightened levels of fear, anxiety, and psychological distress. The next way cyber technology impacts interactions between offenders and victims is through online harassment and bullying. Cyber technology enables the rapid spread of harassing and threatening content through social media, messaging platforms, and online outlets. Victims of online harassment and bullying may experience psychological harm, social isolation, and reputational damage as a result of persistent attacks from offenders. The next way is the disruption of support networks. Cyber technology can disrupt victims’ support networks and access to resources by isolating them from friends, family, and community support systems. Offenders may use tactics such as online smear campaigns, impersonation, or manipulation to undermine victims’ credibility, relationships, and social connections. The final way I am going to discuss here is legal challenges. Cyber technology presents legal and jurisdictional challenges for addressing cybercrimes and providing support to victims across different regions and digital platforms. Victims may encounter barriers to reporting cybercrimes, obtaining legal help, or accessing support services. 

     Robalo, T. L. A. S., & Abdul Rahim, R. B. B. (2023). Cyber Victimisation, Restorative Justice and Victim-Offender Panels. Asian journal of criminology, 18(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-023-09396-9