The Russian propaganda apparatus, long directed at its society and the satellite states of the former Soviet Union is now aiming at targets abroad. In 2013, Gen. Valery Gerasimov identified information warfare as an essential aspect of Russian warfare going forward in his now-famous article, \u201cThe Value of Science is in the Foresight.\u201d7 While the West viewed the article backward through the lens of the Ukrainian conflict and has arguably misattributed it as the start of hybrid warfare for Russian armies, his article was, in reality, his perspective of the Arab Spring as well as U.S. operations in Yugoslavia, Iraq, and Afghanistan.8 In Gerasimov\u2019s view, the Arab Spring and the U.S.-led coalitions in the Middle East relied heavily on resources other than conventional military forces to shape events, especially information operations. Military forces were only introduced as a coup de gr\u00e2ce at the last minute.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The Russian propaganda apparatus, long directed at its society and the satellite states of the former Soviet Union is now aiming at targets abroad. In 2013, Gen. Valery Gerasimov identified information warfare as an essential aspect of Russian warfare going… Continue Reading →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26992,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","wds_primary_category":0},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/kojo-agyemang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/kojo-agyemang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/kojo-agyemang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/kojo-agyemang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26992"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/kojo-agyemang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=237"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/kojo-agyemang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":243,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/kojo-agyemang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237\/revisions\/243"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/kojo-agyemang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/kojo-agyemang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/kojo-agyemang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}