The article I did a review for was titled Level of Engagement with Social Networking
Services and Fear of Online Victimization: The Role of Online Victimization Experiences from the International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime (Park and Vieraitis). The article listed many surveys dealing with the exposure of risk and prior victimization as factors that lead to the fear of online victimization. The hypothesis was that greater exposure on social networking services increases online victimization, leading to a greater fear of victimization on social networking services. The article states that the more accounts you have on social networking services increases the potential for online victimization.

The article relates to several social science principles. As discussed in class, the first is determinism, which is a theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by previously existing causes. This is true as shown in the survey using South Korean residents that respondents with a greater number of SNS accounts reported higher levels of victimization and higher levels of fear of crime on SNS. Relativism is the next principle shown in the article. Relativism is the belief that there is no absolute truth, only the truths that a particular individual or culture happen to believe. The authors state different types of cybercrime that have impacted victimization, and cybercrimes are wrong. The final two principles shown in the article are objectivity and ethical neutral. For instance, Hirtenlehner (2008) indicated individuals who experienced victimization online may have reduced fear because they already dealt with it. The statement is impartial without bias and objective to the results of the survey saying that exposure on social networking services increases online victimization, leading to a greater fear of victimization on social networking services.

Prior research did not pay attention to examining the relationship between the role that fear of victimization may play among SNS users. So the authors sought to examine the relationship between fear of online victimization and participants level of use SNS. They surveyed 1000 South Korean people ages 14 to 59. The direct relationship between the level of uses of SNS and fear of online victimization and the indirect relationship through prior victimization was studied.

The Korean Institute of Criminology collected the data from July 2013 to August 2013 (Yoon & Park, 2014). Surveys were administered to 1,000 adolescents and adults who use at least one of four SNS sites Facebook, Twitter, Kakao Story, Cyworld. The sites shared more than 90 percent of the SNS market in South Korea. Two-stage proportionate quota sampling, weighted by district, gender, and age population, was used to create a more representative sample.

The survey consisted of independent variables – Victimization Experiences on SNS, dependent variables -Fear of Victimization on SNS and control variables- gender, age, education, etc. An example of the victimization experiences survey asked respondents to indicate whether they had experienced victimization on any of the four SNS sites within the past year. This measure consisted of 12 items below is an example of four, repeatedly rejected me from friend requesting or joining groups, deceived me using fake advertisements that promise free giveaways or free coupons, deceived me using fake sites or links, causing me to suffer from personal information leaks, Spread rumors or lies about me.

The responses were rated with 1 for yes or 0 for No. The summed scores were used in the analysis, with higher scores indicating more frequent victimization in a given period. This measure demonstrated good internal consistency with an average of 74 percent that said yes.

A marginalized group such as depressed children can further worsen there state of mind due to cyberbullying from there peers and even there family members. To avoid this family members must be vigilant and aware of the issue in order to keep there depressed child safe. This could also lead to the individual seeking psychological help and therapy to get over the situation. Women, another marginalized group experience cyberbullying on the internet more than men. A survey revealed that shocking accounts of escalating online violence against girls and women across more than 20 countries, with respondents exposed to pornographic photos, explicit messages, cyberstalking and other forms of internet abuse (Davey). One in five of respondents who had been subjected to online violence significantly reduced their use of social media, while one in 10 changed the way they expressed themselves online.