Keeno Montalban
9/23/24
CYSE 201
Article Review #1
“Digital Human Rights in Jordan”
The Electronic Crimes Act 2023 in Jordan showcases significant concerns in terms of balancing national security and freedom of expression. The legislation, all the while trying to combat cybercrime such as cyber-fraud, defamation, and blackmail, still poses as risks towards civil liberties, especially within the context of freedom of speech. This topic relates to the principles of social science, specifically those that are examining the relationship between the law, power, and society. Laws that are both the products/tools that control society, the influence of public behavior, speech, and civic participation. The Electronic Crimes Act 2023 aims to illustrate this by showcasing the government’s need to monitor the cyberspace, all the while navigating a balance of protecting individual rights. (Maghaireh, 2024).
The question addressed in this study asks: “How does the Electronic Crimes Act 2023 impact the freedom of expression in Jordan, especially within the context of cybercrimes?” This theory speculates that, while the law addresses real cyberthreats, it also risks violating the rules on freedom of speech due to its vague intentions. This theory aligns concerns brought by human right organizations, who argue the fact that the act can be used to censor/silence journalists, activists, and minority groups. These minority communities are vulnerable to legal action under the act’s provisions, as their voices can often challenge the status quo or the government’s policies. (Maghaireh, 2024).
The data employs a qualitative methodology though document analysis of legal texts, which include the Electronic Crimes Act 2023 and its proposed amendments, and previous legislation such as the Electronic Crimes Act 2015. Through comparable analysis, this study shows the differences in provisions and how these changes impact the freedom of speech in Jordan. Focusing on content analysis and legal comparison, the research shows the new act introduces harsher penalties and additional cyber offenses such as cyber hate and character assassination. (Maghaireh, 2024).
Within the data provided, the study mostly relies on legal documents and scholarly literature, which examines how changes in law reflect the growing concerns on about the topic of cybersecurity in Jordan. The qualitative analysis puts an emphasis on the trends in legislative changes and impact on freedom of expression. This method helps showcases the broader societal implications of the law, specifically regarding how vague offenses such as fake news and hate speech could potentially lead to self-censorship and restricted public discourse. (Maghaireh, 2024).
Moreover, the study emphasizes great that the marginalized groups, specifically journalists and activists, are affected by the legislation. The sort of vague provisions gives the authorities broad discretion in prosecuting cybercrimes, which suppresses dissent and limits public disclosure, exacerbating social inequalities. The article upholds for clearer definitions of offenses to prevent the misuse of the law as a tool for political suppression. In conclusion, while the Electronic Crimes Act 2023 does tackle cyber threats, it still risks violating freedoms of expression, specifically for vulnerable communities. A much clearer legal frameworks are essential to safeguard civil liberties while maintain order. (Maghaireh, 2024).
Maghaireh, A. M. (2024). Cybercrime laws in Jordan and freedom of expression: A critical examination of the Electronic Crimes Act 2023. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 18(1), 15-36.
Keeno Montalban
10/28/2024
CYSE 201S
Article #2
Understanding the Use Of A.I Within Cybercrime
Introduction
With artificial intelligence (AI) being introduced and transforming industries, it also provides new opportunities for cybercrime. In “Understanding the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Cybercrime (Choi, Dearden, and parti (2024) delves into how AI is being exploited in criminal activities and emphasizing the need to understand these trends for stronger defenses. This review showcases the article’s link to social science principles, research methods, and the impact it has on marginalized and broader communities.
Relations to Social Science Principles
Choi, Dearden, and Parti’s (2024) research connects criminology with technology by looking at how cybercriminals use AI for crimes such as deepfakes and social engineering attacks. This Part highlights the broader social science issues such as security, ethics, and trust, putting an emphasis on the need to consider both technological and the social aspects of AIDriven crime.
Research Questions and Hypotheses
The study analyzes how AI is being used in cybercrimes such as deepfake creation and social engineering, identifying factors that drive AI-based criminal activities and vulnerable sectors like healthcare facilities. Applying theories such as Routine Activities Theory (RAT) and Cyber-Routine Activities theory (Cyber-Rat), it helps survey cybercrime risks through the VIVA framework, which examines the target value, inertia, visibility, and accessibility (Choi et al., 2024).
Research Methods Applied
This research applies a mixed-method approach, implementing qualitative and quantitative data from case studies, cybersecurity expert interviews, and AI-generated prompts. This method gives us a comprehensive look on AI’s role in criminal tactics, along with qualitative insights into new and evolving attack methods with a quantitate analysis on the impact of AI-enabled attacks. With this approach, it allows the study to examine both cybercrime attacks and preventive security measures. (Choi et al., 2024).
Data and Analysis
The research’s data sources from cybersecurity studies, expert interviews and AI-
Generated prompts, came up with an analysis based on the RAT and Cyber-RAT frameworks. By using the VIVA mode, (Value, Inertia, Visibility, Accessibility) it shows victim vulnerability and offender motivations, putting a light on both direct AI-related cybercrime impacts and a broader infrastructure vulnerability (Choi et al., 2024).
Educational Connections to Cybersecurity
The research aligns with important cybersecurity topics such as threat intelligence ethical hacking, by applying criminological frameworks such as RAT and Cyber-Rat that resembles analytical tools in cybersecurity training. With this approach, it gives an emphasis on the value of integrating a theory into practical defense strategies (Choi et al., 2024)
Impacts within Marginalized Communities.
Marginalized groups face increased dangers from AI-driven cyberattacks due to having limited access to cybersecurity sources. The study undermines the need for inclusive cybersecurity measures, specifically as vulnerable groups might be disproportionately impacted by attacks on sectors like healthcare facilities (Choi et al ,. 2024).
Contributions to Society/Conclusion
Choi, Dearden, and Parti’s (2024) study undermines the need for proactive strategies to counter any driven cyber threats, promoting for collaboration amongst researchers, policymakers, and educators in order to build resistance against risks like deepfakes and social engineering.
Choi, S., Dearden, T., & Parti, K. (2024). Understanding the Use of Artificial Intelligence in
Cybercrime. International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime, 7(2), 1-3.
Available at https://vc.bridgew.edu/ijcic