Allowing clinical applications of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replacement therapy is necessary safe and scientifically sound for families affected by mitochondrial diseases in terms of providing prevention against serve disease transmission. The available evidence supports the substantial reduction of mutated mtDNA below clinical symptomatic levels using spindle transfer (ST) and pronuclear transfer (PNT); the article states that “the mtDNA carryover was either technically undeniable or below 2% and since most mtDNA diseases clinically manifest only when the mutated mtDNA threshold is 60% or higher, it is unlikely that low levels would causes diseases in children” (Mitalipov & Wolf, 2014). However, ethical concerns, though very important and can be regulated and informed consent obtained. According to the HFEA review, “the currently available evidence does not suggest that the techniques are unsafe” and recommends that “the first clinical applications should be conducted at specialized mitochondria diseases clinics involving clinical trials” (Mitalipov & Wolf, 2014). The benefit of the therapy to affected families will outweigh potential risk due to the fact this therapy is justified on ethical grounds.

Nuclear DNA transplantation method is one of the two primary methods, this involves having the parents nuclear DNA shifted into donor octyls or zygotes with healthy mitochondria. Both nonhumans and humans do not incur any increase incidence of chromosomal abnormalities. Primarily human data suggested that carryover of mutated mtDNA is very low, usually undetectable or below 2% (Mitalipov & Wolf 2014). Most of all mitochondrial disease usually manifest when the percentage of mutated mtDNA has reached around 60% if the total mitochondria, so this therapy seems very suitable enough for diseases prevention. T

Then possible effects of these therapy include the whole of the stakeholders, ie the parents, child and the child’s children. Parents Lise the opportunity of having biological owned children and having the horrendous loss associated with the children bearing the chronic disease.The child benefits the most as they live with the free mitochondrial diseases, which is significantly and lethally diseases that affect at least 1 of 5,000-10,000 children is associated with debilitating illness and early death (Mitalipov & Wolf, 2014). Also the grandkids (child children) will be affected due to the mtDNA change which is permanent and will be passed to future kids. These changes on the mtDNA coupled with the permanent change to the future kids. Although existing frameworks do not permit the clinical applications of mitochondrial replacement therapy and nothing is stopping the birth of children, children resulting in this therapy have the legal right to have a genetic connection with three parents.

Replacement therapy must also examine the pros and cons of the other alternatives assist families impacted by mitochondrial disease. For the women with mtDNA mutations, the methods call them to “circumvent passage of the condition to their children (Tachibana, Sparman et.al.2009; Craven, Tuppen al 2010).” The other main alternatives are preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) with IVF, adoption or using an egg donor. Overall, the evidence strongly supports mitochondrial replacement therapy as a reliable method to reduce the burden of mitochondrial illness across generations.