{"id":82,"date":"2017-08-10T18:44:26","date_gmt":"2017-08-10T18:44:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/?page_id=82"},"modified":"2017-10-03T18:42:43","modified_gmt":"2017-10-03T18:42:43","slug":"system-of-systems-engineering","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/research-areas\/system-of-systems-engineering\/","title":{"rendered":"System of Systems Engineering"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>NCSOSE work in system of systems (SOS) engineering (SOSE) has focused on defining a formal methodology for approaching SOS problems. Specific capabilities include:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Applying the SOSE Methodology to SOS problems<\/li>\n<li>Framing SOS problem domains<\/li>\n<li>Designing unique methodologies for SOS problems<\/li>\n<li>Designing teams for SOSE problems<\/li>\n<li>Exploring and analyzing SOSE problems<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>We define a system of systems as <em>a meta-system that has multiple functions provided by any number of sub-systems. SOS are normally<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Designed and acquired independently<\/li>\n<li>Managed and funded independently<\/li>\n<li>Geographically dispersed<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrating emergent behavior<\/li>\n<li>Exhibiting evolutionary development<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A typical system-of-systems (SOS) is depicted as follows:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-83 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4274\/2017\/08\/Complexity.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"146\" height=\"144\" \/><\/p>\n<p>We have found that <em>as complexity has increased, the ability of technology to dominate the solution space is diminished<\/em>. We lack capabilities to effectively address multidisciplinary problems emerging in the 21st century.<\/p>\n<p>In order to engage high complexity systems problems the hard technological perspective must be expanded to include a soft perspective that accounts for human, political, organizational, managerial and policy elements associated with the complex systems problem.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-86 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4274\/2017\/08\/Hard-Soft-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"223\" height=\"146\" \/><\/p>\n<p>NCSOSE approaches complex system problems systemically. A high-level system of systems engineering (SOSE) methodology is the framework from which these problems are approached.<\/p>\n<div id=\"container\" class=\"hfeed contain\">\n<div id=\"content-box\">\n<div id=\"content-container\">\n<div id=\"content\">\n<div id=\"post-22\" class=\"post-22 page type-page status-publish hentry\">\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p>NCSOSE&#8217;s publicly available scholarly productivity associated with SOS\/SOSE is provided below:<\/p>\n<p>2016<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Katina, P.F., Keating, C.B., and Bradley, J.M. (2016). &#8220;<span style=\"color: #0000ff\">The Role of &#8216;Metasystem&#8217; in Engineering a System of Systems<\/span>,&#8221;\u009d In <em>Proceedings of the 2016 Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference, H. Yang, Z. Kong, and MD Sarder, eds. <\/em>Anaheim, California, May 21-24, 2016<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2014<\/p>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Adams, K. M., Hester, P. T., Bradley, J. M., Meyers, T. J., and Keating, C. B. (2014). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sys.21255\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Systems theory as the foundation for understanding systems<\/span><\/span><\/a>. <i>Systems Engineering<\/i>, <i>17<\/i>(1), 112\u2013123.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Calida, B. Y., &amp; Keating, C. B. (2014). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">S<a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-02493-6_18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ystem governance: Emergence of practical perspectives across the disciplines<\/a><\/span>. In A. V. Gheorghe, M. Masera, and P. F. Katina (Eds.), <i>Infranomics<\/i> (pp. 269\u2013296). Geneva, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Jaradat, R. M., and Keating, C. B. (2014). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcip.2014.04.005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fragility of oil as a critical infrastructure problem<\/a><\/span>. <i>International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection<\/i>, <i>7<\/i>(2), 86\u201399.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Jaradat, R. M., Keating, C. B., and Bradley, J. M. (2014).<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJSSE.2014.065750\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A histogram analysis for system of systems<\/a><\/span>. <i>International Journal of System of Systems Engineering<\/i>, <i>5<\/i>(3), 193\u2013227.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Katina, P. F., Despotou, G., Calida, B. Y., Kholodkov, T., and Keating, C. B. (2014). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJSSE.2014.064833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Sustainability of systems of systems<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">.<\/span> <i>International Journal of System of Systems Engineering<\/i>, <i>5<\/i>(2), 93\u2013113.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Katina, P. F., &amp; Keating, C. B. (2014). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Metasystem pathologies: Towards a systems-based construct for complex system deficiencies<\/span>. In S. Long, E.-H. Ng, and C. Downing (Eds.), <i>Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Management 2014 International Annual Conference<\/i>. Virginia Beach, VA: American Society for Engineering Management.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Katina, P. F., Keating, C. B., &amp; Jaradat, R. M. (2014). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00766-012-0157-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">System requirements engineering in complex situations<\/span><\/a>. <i>Requirements Engineering<\/i>, <i>19<\/i>(1), 45\u201362.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B. (2014). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Governance implications for meeting challenges in the system of systems engineering field<\/span>. In <i>2014 9th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE)<\/i> (pp. 154\u2013159). Adelaide, Australia: IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SYSOSE<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B., Katina, P. F., &amp; Bradley, J. M. (2014). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Complex system governance: Concept, challenges, and emerging research<\/span>. <i>International Journal of System of Systems Engineering<\/i>, <i>5<\/i>(3), 263\u2013288.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B., Katina, P. F., &amp; Bradley, J. M. (2014). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Complex system governance: concept, challenges, and emerging research<\/span>. <i>International Journal of System of Systems Engineering<\/i>, <i>5<\/i>(3), 263\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJSSE.2014.065756<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>2012<\/p>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Hester, P. T., &amp; Keating, C. B. (2012). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">An Initial Perspective on Governing a System of Systems<\/span>. In <i>Proceedings from the 33rd ASEM 2012: \u201cAgile Management: Embracing Change and Uncertainty in Engineering Management.\u201d<\/i> Virginia Beach, VA: American Society for Engineering Management, USA: ASEM.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B., &amp; Katina, P. F. (2012). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJSSE.2012.052688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Prevalence of pathologies in systems of systems<\/span><\/a>. <i>International Journal of System of Systems Engineering<\/i>, <i>3<\/i>(3\/4), 243\u2013267.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>2011<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jaradat, R.M. and Katina, P.F. (2011). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">A synthesis of definitions for system-of-systems engineering<\/span>, In <em>Proceedings of the 32<sup>nd<\/sup> ASEM International Annual Conference<\/em>. Lubbock, Texas, October 21-33, 2011<\/li>\n<li>Adams, K. M., and Keating, C. B. (2011). Overview of the system of systems engineering methodology. <i>International Journal of System of Systems Engineering<\/i>, <i>2<\/i>(2\/3), 112\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJSSE.2011.040549<\/li>\n<li>Keating, C. B., &amp; Katina, P. F. (2011). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Systems of systems engineering: Prospects and challenges for the emerging field<\/span>. <i>International Journal of System of Systems Engineering<\/i>, <i>2<\/i>(2\/3), 234\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJSSE.2011.040556<\/li>\n<li>Keating, C. B. (2011). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Perspective 2 of the SoSE methodology: Designing the unique methodology<\/span>. <i>International Journal of System of Systems Engineering<\/i>, <i>2<\/i>(2), 208\u2013225.<\/li>\n<li>Keating, C. B. (2011). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">System Identity: Balancing Tensions in Governance<\/span>. Presented at the Public Administration Theory Network Conference, Norfolk, VA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2010<\/p>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Hester, P. T., Keating, C. B., Meyers, T. J., and Calida, B. Y. (2010). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">The emerging role of R&amp;D governance<\/span>. In <i>Proceedings from the 31st ASEM 2010: \u201cLean and Green: Building a Sustainable Future through Engineering Management.\u201d<\/i> Rogers, Arkansas: American Society for Engineering Management, USA: ASEM.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B., Calida, B. Y., Sousa-Poza, A. A., and Kovacic, S. F. (2010). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Systems thinking<\/span>. In D. Merino and J. Farr (Eds.), <i>The Engineering Management Handbook<\/i> (pp. 91\u2013139). Huntsville, AL: ASEM Press.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B., Hester, P. T., Myers, T. J., and Adams, K. M. (2010). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><i>R&amp;D system governance research: Relevance, foundations, value, and challenges for DHS S&amp;T borders and maritime security division<\/i><\/span> (No. No. NCSOSE Technical Report 003-2010). Norfolk: VA: National Centers for System of Systems Engineering.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B. (2010). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Balancing structural tensions in complex systems<\/span>. Presented at the Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Management, Fayetteville, Arkansas: ASEM Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>2009<\/p>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B., Rabadi, G., Landaeta, R. E., and Bowling, S. (2009). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">System of systems engineering for border security and immigration: methodologies, processes and tools<\/span>. <i>International Journal of System of Systems Engineering<\/i>, <i>1<\/i>(4), 414\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJSSE.2009.031349<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B. (2009). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Emergence in system of systems<\/span>. In M. Jamshidi (Ed.), <i>System of Systems Engineering<\/i> (pp. 169\u2013190). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B., Hester, P., Kady, R., and Calida, B. (2009). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">R&amp;D Governance: An Emerging Systems-based Paradigm for Public Sector R&amp;D<\/span>. In <i>Proceedings from the 30th ASEM 2009: \u201cEngineering Management: Celebrating the Past, Engineering the Future\u201d<\/i> (pp. 339\u2013347). Springfield, Missouri: American Society for Engineering Management: ASEM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>2008<\/p>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Padilla, J. J., Logan, B., Sousa-Poza, A., and Keating, C. B. (2008). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">A system of systems engineering environment to deal with complex situations<\/span>. In <i>System of Systems Engineering, 2008. SoSE \u201908. IEEE International Conference on<\/i> (pp. 1\u20135).<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B., Padilla, J. J., and Adams, K. M. (2008). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">System of systems engineering requirements: Challenges and guidelines<\/span>. <i>Engineering Management Journal<\/i>, <i>20<\/i>(4), 24\u201331.<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Kovacic, S., Sousa-Poza, A., and Keating, C. B. (2008). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Complex situations: An alternative approach for viewing a system of systems<\/span>. In <i>IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, 2008. SoSE \u201908<\/i> (pp. 1\u20136). Singapore, Singapore. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SYSOSE.2008.4724167<\/li>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Padilla, J. J., Logan, B., Sousa-Poza, A., and Keating, C. B. (2008). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">A system of systems engineering environment to deal with complex situations<\/span>. In <i>System of Systems Engineering, 2008. SoSE \u201908. IEEE International Conference on<\/i> (pp. 1\u20135).\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Sousa-Poza, A. A., Kovacic, S., &amp; Keating, C. B. (2008). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">System of systems engineering: An emerging multidiscipline<\/span>. <i>International Journal of System of Systems Engineering<\/i>, <i>1<\/i>(1\/2), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJSSE.2008.018129<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>2007<\/p>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Kovacic, S., Sousa-Poza, A., and Keating, C. B. (2007). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Type III: \u201cThe theory of the observer.\u201d<\/span> In <i>System of Systems Engineering, 2007. SoSE \u201907. IEEE International Conference on<\/i> (pp. 1\u20136).<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Kovacic, S. F., Sousa-Poza, A., and Keating, C. B. (2007). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">The National Centers for System of Systems Engineering: A case study on shifting the paradigm for system of systems<\/span>. <i>Systems Research Forum<\/i>, <i>2<\/i>(1), 52\u201359.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>2005<\/p>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B. (2005). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Research foundations for system of systems engineering<\/span>. In <i>2005 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics<\/i> (Vol. 3, pp. 2720\u20132725). Waikoloa, Hawaii. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSMC.2005.1571561<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B., Sousa-Poza, A. A., and Kovacic, S. (2005). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Complex system transformation: A system of systems engineering (SoSE) perspective<\/span>. In <i>26th ASEM National Conference<\/i> (pp. 200\u2013207). Virginia Beach, VA.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>2004<\/p>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"csl-entry\">Keating, C. B., Sousa-Poza, A. A., and Mun, J. (2004). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">System of systems engineering methodology<\/span>. EMSE: Old Dominion University.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>2003<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keating, C. B., Rogers, R., Unal, R., Dryer, D., Sousa-Poza, A. A., Safford, R., Peterson, W., and Rabadi, G. (2003). <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">System of systems engineering<\/span>. <em>Engineering Management Journal<\/em>, <em>15<\/em>(3), 35-44.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NCSOSE work in system of systems (SOS) engineering (SOSE) has focused on defining a formal methodology for approaching SOS problems. Specific capabilities include: Applying the SOSE Methodology to SOS problems Framing SOS problem domains Designing unique methodologies for SOS problems Designing teams for SOSE problems Exploring and analyzing SOSE problems We define a system of&#8230; <\/p>\n<div class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/research-areas\/system-of-systems-engineering\/\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":4694,"featured_media":0,"parent":98,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/82"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4694"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/82\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":184,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/82\/revisions\/184"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/98"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/ncsose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}