Women in Iraq live anything, but the cushy, generous lives that were used to in the United States. The freedoms and security of the United States provided an example of the large societal gap between Iraq and the US. The article highlights the disadvantages of women in Iraq who have had to deal with an increasing cyberbullying crisis. The Iraqi government has failed to protect its women from cyber abuse adequately. Corruption and a need for power with men in Iraq have led to a society where half of Iraq’s population is left exposed and vulnerable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The article relates to a plethora of social science principles, I will be focusing on human factors in psychology, political science, and history. Human factors are explained as, \u201cthe application of knowledge about human capabilities and limitations to the design and development of tools, devices, systems, environments, and organizations.\u201d Iraq’s male-dominated society has led to a culture where as society has advanced women have been left isolated. In a study conducted by Ngo et al. They found that communication is available, yet women cannot adequately use it. As Iraqi men have been able to connect to the modern world, women haven\u2019t had an opportunity to grow into modern technology. Their government has prevented human factors from being implemented into their society the same way the rest of the world has used human factors to better each and every one of our societies. Political science is another principle of science affecting women in Iraq. With a recent catastrophic war, the government is new and untested on the global stage. They make promises of supporting their women but have yet to uphold their promises of protecting their women. The government has failed to pass proper cyber laws protecting its citizens from harassment and cyberbullying. The men who rule the country have a focus on staying in power. They are achieving this goal by keeping women out of their political and education systems. History is another major principle of science that relates to the article. Iraq’s history is anything but stable. They have been engaged in conflicts for as long as they have existed. The combined instability with ongoing wars has led to a rise of religious extremism as well. The extremism has been especially hard on Iraqi women not allowing them any of the basic rights that Western countries have. Their history has shown that they are not ready to allow their women the same basic communication rights as other countries which has led to the increase in cyber bullying. The youth of Iraq have been subjugated to believing that women are less than their men. The consequences have been a generational perception of deceit. Being indoctrinated into a male-dominated society has led the women of Iraq to become scapegoats and victims of their society’s anger. The article shows how psychology, social science, and history all play a role in how women in Iraq have been increasing victims of cyberbullying and harassment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The hypothesis of the article is the basis of understanding how women in Iraq are cyberbullied and discriminated against through the roles of social media, education, perceived norms, and social beliefs. They explain how the perception of women within Iraq has led to women losing basic rights and becoming victims in a society where women don\u2019t share the same freedoms as men. They explain how women are perpetual victims within Iraq and how cyberbullying and discrimination have taken the abuse to a new level in the modern age. The study highlights the shortfalls of the Iraqi government and how it fails to protect its women from a culture that looks down upon all women as not equal to men.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The article used four research methods. The research methods are realism, interpretivism, pragmatism, and positivism. The article focuses on cyberbullying and discrimination in Iraq and how it leads to social media norms and different types of discrimination, which is why they included interpretivism within the study. They used realism to compare to Iraqi politics and how their government is perceived by the world. They incorporated pragmatism by explaining how women are dealing with cyberbullying and discrimination within Iraq. They used positivism to explain how the Iraqi government is using its laws and policies and how they are negatively affecting women. All of the research methods are thoroughly explained and used properly within the article to explain how women in Iraq continue to be cyberbullied and harassed within the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
There are a few types of data and analysis done within the article. They chose a qualitative sample group over a quantitative one. They performed interviews, but before the interviews, the women were briefed on the research scope, application and purpose. The interviews focused on how perceived norms, internet education, social beliefs, and social media impact the discrimination of cyberbullying of women in Iraq. They\u2019ve uploaded the information to NVivo software to analyze the data from the interviews. They choose nine women to conduct the interviews with no men. They used such a small sample size to avoid saturation and get quality data. They avoided using men as the research focused on women in Iraq. Their data and analysis were completed on a smaller scale to get more effective data that can be better interpreted by the interviewer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The article related to topics discussed within the class. The topics I chose from class are conflict theory, victimization, psychodynamic theory, and perceptions of safety. Conflict theory is society can be understood through power differences and inequalities. Conflict theory relates to the article as they understand why women in Iraq are being cyberbullied and discriminated against. Iraq’s government is weak and unstable. They view men as the \u201csuperior\u201d gender and use this power to avoid treating women as equals. Iraq’s entire government is built on power differences and inequality which has led women in Iraq to become victims of cybercrimes. Victimization is how a person views how they are a victim itself. I will be focusing on knowledge of victimization and the big five personality traits. Most women in Iraq are so used to being abused they don\u2019t even realize they are victims. They had been indoctrinated into believing that they were less. The big five personality traits play a role in this. Openness to experience has led women in Iraq to go around their laws and use social media platforms online. This has led them to be cyber bullied and discriminated against. Agreeableness has led them to share information that men in society have used against them. Extraversion has led them to be in contact with more people who wish to abuse them. Conscientiousness has led some of the women to avoid going onto the internet from other women explaining what happened to them. Neuroticism has led the women to have more fear and anxiety than the men in their society. Psychodynamic theory suggests that early experiences in life influence behavior. This plays a role in both the men and women in Iraq. The women growing up in a state of fear has led women to allow men in Iraq to bully and harass them without consequences. This is also a factor in why some women in Iraq avoid going onto the internet altogether. Psychodynamic theory influences men by they truly believe they are superior to women. They grew up in a society where they were told all of their life that women were less and that they \u201cshouldn\u2019t do the same things as men.\u201d This has influenced the men in Iraq to treat women the way they do online without remorse. Perceptions of safety play a role by the men and women who use the internet believe they can hide behind a screen and not be punished for their actions. Most of the women in Iraq don\u2019t believe that they will be abused for using social media but it isn\u2019t the case. It increases their risk just by posting images or comments on the internet. The men in Iraq target these women who are generally unaware since they have received no education on cyberbullying or harassment and how it can lead to real-life unintended consequences. They are unaware that their locations can be identified making them a target for continued abuse. These topics we learned in class relate to the article and how women are bullied and discriminated against on the internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The article directly related to the challenges of marginalized groups. Women in Iraq are a marginalized group. The women in Iraq have systemic disadvantages, unequal opportunities, and a lack of resources. Since women are viewed as less than men, they start life already disadvantaged. They aren\u2019t allowed to hold high-ranking jobs or government positions. This doesn\u2019t allow women to vouch for their rights and balance out their society. They are barred from education and living life without a man. They are kept from basic rights which is designed to keep women uneducated and low in their culture. Women are also locked away from the same resources that men receive. They can’t receive the same medical care that men receive and receive little to no funding for women’s rights or projects. Women in Iraq are in the worst possible situation with no solution in sight to remedy this problem. The Iraqi government has given empty promises to the international community that they will incorporate women into their society. Since the Islamic State gained power, women’s rights have continued to worsen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The article benefits society by highlighting the issues of women in Iraq and discussing the importance of modern cyber laws. The article puts to light the discrimination that women are having in Iraq. This allows the international community to put more pressure on Iraq’s government to help the women of Iraq. It also helps teach our societies lessons about bad states and not allowing our country to travel down a similar path. The article also teaches the importance of modern cyber laws. As seen in Iraq, without proper cyber laws, it leaves the population vulnerable to cyberbullying and harassment. These crimes can have severe consequences on a population. The importance of continuing to modernize cyber laws can not be understated. Too many countries have yet to update their laws and the article shows why it is necessary. Cyber laws protect all of us from unwarranted abuse and discrimination that can target a group of any population. The article depicts the importance of minority groups, particularly women, and how proper laws and policies can positively impact all societies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
References<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ali, S. H., et al. (2022). The Darkfield of Cybercrime: Can Survey Data Reduce Administrative Data. International Journal of Cyber Criminology. Retrieved July 19, 2024, from https:\/\/cybercrimejournal.com\/menuscript\/index.php\/cybercrimejournal\/article\/view\/190\/72<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Women in Iraq live anything, but the cushy, generous lives that were used to in the United States. The freedoms and security of the United States provided an example of the large societal gap between Iraq and the US. The… Continue Reading →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29110,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","wds_primary_category":0},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/nvene001cyse201s\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/nvene001cyse201s\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/nvene001cyse201s\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/nvene001cyse201s\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29110"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/nvene001cyse201s\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=260"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/nvene001cyse201s\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":261,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/nvene001cyse201s\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260\/revisions\/261"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/nvene001cyse201s\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/nvene001cyse201s\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/nvene001cyse201s\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}