{"id":196,"date":"2024-12-10T22:00:51","date_gmt":"2024-12-10T22:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/rsayo002\/?p=196"},"modified":"2024-12-10T22:00:51","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T22:00:51","slug":"find-me-a-mab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/rsayo002\/2024\/12\/10\/find-me-a-mab\/","title":{"rendered":"Find me a -mAb!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Trastuzumab, also known as Herceptin, <\/em>is a type of cancer drug that treats breast and stomach cancer. It works on the surface of the cancer cell by blocking the chemical signals and activates the immune system to kill the cells with high levels of HER2. The treatment of trastuzumab is advised to only be used on individuals who have developed HER2 protein overexpression or amplification. It is also used to treat HER2-positive breast cancer, either early-stage or metastasized. It targets the factor receptor encoded by the ERBB2 gene or HER2. A HER2-positive gene is an extremely fast-growing rate of tumors which is found around 15-20% in breast and gastric cancer (Dean L, Kane M, 2015). Despite the great improvement shown by trastuzumab treatment, about three cases of patients are known to have developed autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) (Lopes, V., Machado, C., & De Sousa Lages, A., 2023). Dr. Heady (2023) stated that \u201cHerceptin is an antibody that works by attaching itself to the HER2 protein.\u201d<\/em> He explained that this alteration occurs when too much HER2 has been generated and that this kind of mistake occurs at a genetic level, but not inherited. Furthermore, after learning about how trastuzumab works in the treatment of breast and gastric cancer. It is also identified as an antibody, specifically an IgG1 kappa light chain mAb (Pohlmann, P. R., Mayer, I. A., & Mernaugh, R. (2009)).<\/p>\n\n\n

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Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the extracellular domain of the HER2 receptor (Gemmete, J. J., & Mukherji, S. K. (2011)), which is overexpressed in certain cancers, especially HER2-positive breast cancer. The HER2 receptor comprises an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain (Boekhout, A. H., Beijnen, J. H., & Schellens, J. H. (2011). The Overexpression of HER2 leads to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor progression and the binding of trastuzumab specifically to domain IV of the extracellular portion of HER2, prevents key processes that promote cancer cell proliferation (Gemmete, J. J., & Mukherji, S. K. (2011)). It first blocks HER2 dimerization which is essential for activating signaling pathways that drive tumor growth. With dimerization of HER2 block, the inhibition stops the cancer cells from progressing through the cell cycle, particularly arresting them in the G1 phase, slowing down their proliferation. In addition, trastuzumab also prevents cleavage of the HER2 extracellular domain, which is required for receptor activation (Boekhout, A. H., Beijnen, J. H., & Schellens, J. H. (2011)). Furthermore, trastuzumab activates the immune system through a process known as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). When trastuzumab binds to HER2, it engages immune effector cells via the Fc region of the antibody. These immune cells are then directed to attack and destroy the cancer cells. By blocking HER2 signaling and enhancing immune-mediated cell destruction, trastuzumab effectively suppresses tumor growth, reducing disease progression and improving symptoms in patients with HER2-overexpressing cancers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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References List:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lopes, V., Machado, C., & De Sousa Lages, A. (2023). Autoimmune hypothyroidism and trastuzumab therapy: a rare association. Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports<\/em>, 2023<\/em>(2), 22-0412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EDM-22-0412<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dean L, Kane M. Trastuzumab Therapy and ERBB2 Genotype. 2015 Aug 5. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heady, Denise. 2023, October 18. 25 years of Herceptin: A groundbreaking advancement in breast cancer treatment. UCLA Health. https:\/\/www.uclahealth.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pohlmann, P. R., Mayer, I. A., & Mernaugh, R. (2009). Resistance to Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research<\/em>, 15<\/em>(24), 7479\u20137491. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gemmete, J. J., & Mukherji, S. K. (2011). Trastuzumab (herceptin). AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology<\/em>, 32<\/em>(8), 1373\u20131374. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boekhout, A. H., Beijnen, J. H., & Schellens, J. H. (2011). Trastuzumab. The oncologist<\/em>, 16<\/em>(6), 800\u2013810. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gajria, D., & Chandarlapaty, S. (2011). HER2-amplified breast cancer: mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance and novel targeted therapies. Expert review of anticancer therapy<\/em>, 11<\/em>(2), 263\u2013275. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trastuzumab, also known as Herceptin, is a type of cancer drug that treats breast and stomach cancer. It works on the surface of the cancer cell by blocking the chemical signals and activates the immune system to kill the cells… Continue Reading →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28374,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","wds_primary_category":0},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/rsayo002\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/rsayo002\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/rsayo002\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/rsayo002\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28374"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/rsayo002\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=196"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/rsayo002\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":199,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/rsayo002\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196\/revisions\/199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/rsayo002\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/rsayo002\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/rsayo002\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}