{"id":944,"date":"2025-05-01T14:23:07","date_gmt":"2025-05-01T14:23:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/?page_id=944"},"modified":"2025-05-01T15:43:11","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T15:43:11","slug":"cybersecurity-clinic","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/cybersecurity-clinic\/","title":{"rendered":"Cybersecurity Clinic"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Header&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f6f2ea&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;5vw||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_4,1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;e864d11f-3dab-4fa3-ac06-4f0e1a260807&#8243; header_font=&#8221;Archivo|600|||||||&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#010101&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;80px&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>Hackers don\u2019t wait\u2014neither should you.<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;CYSE 368 &#8211; Cybersecurity Clinic&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;94ef7aca-dcd9-4f9d-93b2-efa3466cebc7&#8243; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; button_bg_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; button_border_width=&#8221;4px&#8221; button_border_color=&#8221;#fcc22c&#8221; button_border_radius=&#8221;10px&#8221; button_font=&#8221;Archivo|800||on|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px|35px|15px|35px|true|true&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; box_shadow_horizontal=&#8221;6px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;6px&#8221; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27849\/2022\/03\/software-img-24.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;software-img-24&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_image=&#8221;http:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27849\/2022\/03\/software-img-23.png&#8221; background_size=&#8221;contain&#8221; background_position=&#8221;bottom_center&#8221; width_tablet=&#8221;45%&#8221; width_phone=&#8221;70%&#8221; width_last_edited=&#8221;off|tablet&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;off|tablet&#8221; background_size_tablet=&#8221;cover&#8221; background_position_tablet=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;20%||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;0%||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;41d5859c-fbaa-458a-88e4-5d886857f235&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Archivo|500|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCybersecurity is not a product; <strong>it is a process.<\/strong> Build resilience, not just defense.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPhishing accounts for over <strong>90% of breaches<\/strong>\u2014one click can cost a company everything.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCybersecurity is <strong>a shared responsibility<\/strong>\u2014every employee, every device, every day.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAn unpatched system is an unlocked door\u2014automatic <strong>updates are essential.<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; 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background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0vw||0vw||true|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;df96b77a-cd4f-44a8-a771-2d6347592b53&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;100px&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Archivo|600|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#010101&#8243; header_2_font_size=&#8221;60px&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.35em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||8px||false|false&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;32px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Click wisely; think twice, act secure.<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;CYSE 368 &#8211; Cybersecurity Clinic &#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; button_text_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;94ef7aca-dcd9-4f9d-93b2-efa3466cebc7&#8243; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; button_bg_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; button_border_width=&#8221;4px&#8221; button_border_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; button_border_radius=&#8221;15px&#8221; button_letter_spacing=&#8221;1px&#8221; button_font=&#8221;Archivo|700||on|||||&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;24px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px|35px|15px|35px|true|true&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; box_shadow_horizontal=&#8221;6px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;6px&#8221; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_accordion open_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; closed_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#544FFF&#8221; toggle_icon=&#8221;&#x22;||divi||400&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; use_icon_font_size=&#8221;on&#8221; icon_font_size=&#8221;32px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; toggle_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; toggle_font=&#8221;Archivo|600|||||||&#8221; toggle_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;Archivo||||||||&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; border_width_all=&#8221;2px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#000000&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;CYSE 368 &#8211; Cybersecurity Clinic&#8221; open=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"147\" data-end=\"577\" class=\"\">This course places students in a real-world consulting role, where they provide cybersecurity services to microbusinesses and\/or local government organizations. Rather than relying on a pre-existing internship, students work directly with clients as part of a structured clinic environment, assessing digital risks, identifying vulnerabilities, and offering tailored cybersecurity solutions. Funded through the Commonwealth Cyber Initiative (COVA CCI), the program provided both financial support and invaluable professional experience in cybersecurity consulting.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Impact of Cybersecurity&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The advancement of technology has guaranteed that it plays a significant role in our lives. We utilize it throughout the day as part of our everyday routine. This phenomenon demonstrates our reliance on ever-strengthened technology. Moreover, the digital revolution has transformed and continues to affect the world and our lives. Even though technological improvements have a positive impact on our lives, there is overwhelming evidence that digital technology might have a harmful impact on human behavior, ethics, and small businesses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Human Behavior: Cyber Stalking\/Cyber Harassment&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Hazelwood and Magnin (2013), cyber stalking and cyber harassment have become widespread issues that demand criminologists&#8217; and criminal justice experts&#8217; attention. Although there are no nationwide assessments of the scope and pervasiveness of these crimes, research of various towns and universities raises concerns. The Department of Justice (1999) estimated that roughly 20% of stalking cases in Los Angeles and 40% of stalking cases in New York used the Internet as the medium for this criminal conduct in a discussion of the scope of cyber stalking. According to recent research, over 40% of college students have experienced cyberstalking at some time in their life (Reyns et al., 2012). Based on these figures, as well as the rising usage and availability of electronic gadgets, I think it is apparent that cyberstalking and cyber harassment deserve the criminal justice system&#8217;s attention.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][et_pb_accordion open_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; closed_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#544FFF&#8221; toggle_icon=&#8221;&#x22;||divi||400&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; use_icon_font_size=&#8221;on&#8221; icon_font_size=&#8221;32px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; toggle_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; toggle_font=&#8221;Archivo|600|||||||&#8221; toggle_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;Archivo||||||||&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; min_height=&#8221;181.6px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;2px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#000000&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Cyber Harassment (CH)&#8221; open=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cyber harassment \u200centails tormenting, annoyance, terrorizing, offending, or threatening an individual over email, instant chat, or other means with the purpose of injuring that person. Harassing communications includes all aspects of conventional harassment, but also includes the use of technological devices to send messages that make a person feel personally targeted for damage. Creating a Facebook account in someone else&#8217;s name and using that profile to insult others is an example of CH. Additional instances of CH include sending improper text messages (e.g., of a frightening or sexual nature) or building a website with photo-shopped photographs of an uninformed individual engaged in sexual actions (Hazelwood &amp; Magnin, 2013).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Cyber Stalking (CS)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cyberstalking is defined as &#8220;the repeated pursuit of an individual utilizing electronic or Internet-capable devices&#8221; in its simplest form (Reyns et al., 2012, p. 1). Any unsolicited electronic messages that are threatening, coercive, or frightening are considered repeated pursues. In the end, stalking is a crime that causes the victim to feel dread, terror, intimidation, tension, or worry. The victim may lose a sense of control over his or her own life as a result of the stalker&#8217;s repeated nature, as the victim never knows when the stalker may emerge or contact him or her again. The stalker&#8217;s ability to access the victim at any time and from any distance undermines the victim&#8217;s feeling of security and can lead to a perpetual state of terror (Hazelwood &amp; Magnin, 2013).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27849\/2022\/03\/software-img-25.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;software-img-25&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-14vw|-10vw|||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;0vw|0vw|||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Document&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#F6F2EA&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;e864d11f-3dab-4fa3-ac06-4f0e1a260807&#8243; header_font=&#8221;Archivo|600|||||||&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#010101&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;80px&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">CYSE 368 Clinic<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;03ed4834-a81a-41ec-bfd6-98a6a9949751&#8243; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Archivo|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||8px||false|false&#8221; header_3_font_size_tablet=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_3_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_3_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Cybersecurity Clinic: Strengthening Small Businesses and Local Governments<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;5ff55506-da7d-4dd7-b409-9d62c7203201&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Archivo||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; link_text_color=&#8221;rgba(221,221,221,0.57)&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-9px|||||&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;55px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>CYSE 368 Cybersecurity Clinic<\/strong> was a transformative service-learning experience where I worked directly with microbusinesses and local government agencies to provide cybersecurity as a service. Sponsored by the Commonwealth Cyber Initiative (COVA CCI), this 50-hour internship allowed me to translate academic theory into practice by supporting real-world cybersecurity needs. Through collaborative assessments, client consultations, and project deliverables, I developed critical technical and professional skills that will shape my future in the cybersecurity field.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-13px||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;-150px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;-120px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;20px|20px|20px|20px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;|20px||20px|true|true&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|10px|10px|10px|10px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;2px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#000000&#8243; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; box_shadow_horizontal=&#8221;3px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;3px&#8221; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;544ab126-07da-449d-8ac0-96c6bfea5327&#8243; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;Archivo|600|||||||&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_4_font_size=&#8221;23px&#8221; header_4_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||8px||false|false&#8221; header_4_font_size_tablet=&#8221;19px&#8221; header_4_font_size_phone=&#8221;15px&#8221; header_4_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Key Cybersecurity Clinic Activities<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;5ff55506-da7d-4dd7-b409-9d62c7203201&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Archivo||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; link_text_color=&#8221;rgba(221,221,221,0.57)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||2px||&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;55px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Engaging K\u201312 Students in Cybersecurity Education<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>As part of a team, I conducted cybersecurity assessments for a local business client. We used the NIST 2.0 Framework to identify weaknesses, evaluate controls, and offer tailored recommendations. This included:<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Asset identification and threat modeling&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf577;||fa||900&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#0C71C3&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;24px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;a947262d-0701-4077-825d-1385639c524f&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Archivo|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#010101&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;Archivo||||||||&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||6px||false|false&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; body_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; body_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; custom_css_blurb_title=&#8221;margin-top: 6px;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Reviewing password policies and network configurations&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf13e;||fa||900&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#0C71C3&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;24px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;a947262d-0701-4077-825d-1385639c524f&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Archivo|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#010101&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;Archivo||||||||&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||6px||false|false&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; body_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; body_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; custom_css_blurb_title=&#8221;margin-top: 6px;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Creating a cybersecurity risk matrix&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf069;||fa||900&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#0C71C3&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;24px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;a947262d-0701-4077-825d-1385639c524f&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Archivo|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#010101&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;Archivo||||||||&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||6px||false|false&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; body_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; body_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; custom_css_blurb_title=&#8221;margin-top: 6px;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Presenting findings in an executive brief&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xe0e9;||divi||400&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#0C71C3&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;24px&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;a947262d-0701-4077-825d-1385639c524f&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Archivo|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#010101&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; body_font=&#8221;Archivo||||||||&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||6px||false|false&#8221; animation=&#8221;off&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; body_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; body_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; custom_css_blurb_title=&#8221;margin-top: 6px;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;03ed4834-a81a-41ec-bfd6-98a6a9949751&#8243; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Archivo|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||8px||false|false&#8221; header_3_font_size_tablet=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_3_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_3_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Cybersecurity Clinic Profile Template<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;5ff55506-da7d-4dd7-b409-9d62c7203201&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Archivo||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; link_text_color=&#8221;rgba(221,221,221,0.57)&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;55px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>I helped draft the Cybersecurity Clinic Profile Template, a structured report summarizing our assessment findings, risks, and prioritized recommendations. We held multiple follow-up meetings with the client to ensure they understood our guidance and had clear action steps.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;03ed4834-a81a-41ec-bfd6-98a6a9949751&#8243; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Archivo|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-30px||8px||false|false&#8221; header_3_font_size_tablet=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_3_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_3_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Professional Development Highlights<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;5ff55506-da7d-4dd7-b409-9d62c7203201&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Archivo||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; link_text_color=&#8221;rgba(221,221,221,0.57)&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;55px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2098\" data-end=\"2990\">\n<li data-start=\"2098\" data-end=\"2260\" class=\"\">\n<p data-start=\"2100\" data-end=\"2260\" class=\"\"><strong data-start=\"2100\" data-end=\"2134\">Design Thinking with Dr. Baaki<\/strong>: Applied human-centered design to cybersecurity problem-solving; focusing on usability, empathy, and iterative feedback loops.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2261\" data-end=\"2446\" class=\"\">\n<p data-start=\"2263\" data-end=\"2446\" class=\"\"><strong data-start=\"2263\" data-end=\"2306\">Leadership Skills with Kristin Stephens<\/strong>: Learned about influencing without authority, building trust with clients, and communicating technical ideas to non-technical stakeholders.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2447\" data-end=\"2657\" class=\"\">\n<p data-start=\"2449\" data-end=\"2657\" class=\"\"><strong data-start=\"2449\" data-end=\"2486\">NIST Cybersecurity Framework v2.0<\/strong>: Reviewed and implemented NIST 2.0 with guidance from Professor Duvall, applying its functions (Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, Recover) to small business operations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2658\" data-end=\"2831\" class=\"\">\n<p data-start=\"2660\" data-end=\"2831\" class=\"\"><strong data-start=\"2660\" data-end=\"2702\">CISA Top 10 Takeaways from David Price<\/strong>: Gained insights from a federal cybersecurity expert on vulnerabilities impacting local government systems and small businesses.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2832\" data-end=\"2990\" class=\"\">\n<p data-start=\"2834\" data-end=\"2990\" class=\"\"><strong data-start=\"2834\" data-end=\"2869\">Consultation with Greg Tomchick<\/strong>: Practiced delivering clear, concise cybersecurity recommendations to community partners during our final presentations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;03ed4834-a81a-41ec-bfd6-98a6a9949751&#8243; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Archivo|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; min_height=&#8221;22px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||8px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; header_3_font_size_tablet=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_3_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_3_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Challenges and Reflections<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;5ff55506-da7d-4dd7-b409-9d62c7203201&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Archivo||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; link_text_color=&#8221;rgba(221,221,221,0.57)&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;55px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; min_height=&#8221;180.8px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3028\" data-end=\"3328\" class=\"\">Cybersecurity for microbusinesses is both urgent and under-resourced. Many of the clients we worked with lacked dedicated IT teams or written security policies. This required our team to simplify technical concepts and emphasize <strong data-start=\"3257\" data-end=\"3276\">\u201ccyber hygiene\u201d<\/strong> practices that were both affordable and actionable.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3330\" data-end=\"3585\" class=\"\">I learned that <strong data-start=\"3345\" data-end=\"3394\">human error remains the most significant risk<\/strong>, and awareness training can drastically reduce exposure. Communication was as vital as technical knowledge especially when working with non-technical clients who needed guidance, not jargon.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;0bd9fec6-ac32-486c-934f-18d282fbdfb4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Archivo||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||10%|false|false&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;55px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3607\" data-end=\"4007\" class=\"\">The CYSE 368 Cybersecurity Clinic taught me the importance of service-based cybersecurity. I grew as both a technical practitioner and a consultant. This experience deepened my understanding of risk management, NIST compliance, and client-focused cybersecurity strategy. With support from COVA CCI, I gained the confidence and experience to support businesses in building a secure digital foundation.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4009\" data-end=\"4250\" class=\"\">This internship reaffirmed my goal to pursue a career in cybersecurity consulting and public-sector cyber defense. 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Let&#8217;s embark on this transformative journey together. Welcome aboard, Cyber Defender!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;Learn More&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;right&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;94ef7aca-dcd9-4f9d-93b2-efa3466cebc7&#8243; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; button_bg_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; button_border_width=&#8221;4px&#8221; button_border_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; button_border_radius=&#8221;10px&#8221; button_font=&#8221;Archivo|800||on|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px|35px|15px|35px|true|true&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; box_shadow_horizontal=&#8221;6px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;6px&#8221; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_6,1_6,1_6,1_2&#8243; 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Build resilience, not just defense.\u201d \u201cPhishing accounts for over 90% of breaches\u2014one click can cost a company everything.\u201d \u201cCybersecurity is a shared responsibility\u2014every employee, every device, every day.\u201d \u201cAn unpatched system is an unlocked door\u2014automatic updates are essential.\u201dClick wisely; think twice, act [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21182,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/944"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21182"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=944"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/944\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":991,"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/944\/revisions\/991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.wp.odu.edu\/wjacob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}