Introduction             The cyberwar between Israel and Iran has turned into a persistent, covert conflict marked by the rising digital strikes on critical civilian infrastructure. Events include the October 2021 attack that turned off Iran’s subsidized fuel distribution system, forcing… Continue Reading →

Introduction             Alexis C. Madrigal’s article, “What Facebook Did to American Democracy,” shows readers how Facebook’s algorithmic design, personalization features, and advertising mechanisms created an environment vulnerable to manipulation during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. They highlight how Facebook’s News… Continue Reading →

Introduction             On July 12, 2007, a U.S. Apache helicopter engaged and killed multiple individuals in a Baghdad suburb, including two Reuters journalists. The engagement was later revealed in a video titled Collateral Murder, released in 2010 by WikiLeaks. The… Continue Reading →

              When I first began this course, I didn’t expect it to impact the way I think about responsibility, leadership, and ethics so directly. Coming from a background in the military and cybersecurity, I used to view ethics primarily as… Continue Reading →