From Jonas’s perspective, cyber policy and infrastructure need to be approached with precaution, and long-range responsibility because modern technological action goes past our ability to predict its consequences long term. Jonas highlights how in earlier ethics, action was limited, but as stated in the article, “The effective range of action was small, the time-span of foresight, goal-setting and accountability was short, control of circumstances limited” (p. 35). Opposite to that modern technology creates long chains of effects that go way beyond the present meaning the old framework no longer applies. Because of this, Jonas argues that ignorance is no longer an excuse. He states, “Ignorance no longer provides it with an alibi.” (p. 39). This applied to cyber policy, means that these policy makers can’t justify risky systems by having any type of uncertainty about the long-term effects. Instead, that uncertainty should be a reason for caution. He also explains that technological effects are “cumulative and therefore irreversible”, he states that “their effects add themselves to one another, and the situation for later acting and being becomes increasingly different from what it was for the initial agent” (p. 39). This highlights cyber infrastructure, where stuff like AI, surveillance networks, or digital infrastructure can produce consequences that grow over time. Therefore he’s highlighting how policy should prioritize reversibility, and safeguards, rather than assuming systems can simply be fixed later. Most importantly, Jonas introduces basically a new responsibility we should follow toward the future, He states “Act so that the effects of your action are compatible with the permanence of genuine human life” (p. 44) This statement suggests that cyber policy should be evaluated not by immediate benefits like the efficiency and profit but by whether it preserves long term conditions for human security, and social stability. He proceeded to  stress that modern ethics need to consider those who can’t speak yet he states, “The future is not represented… the unborn are powerless” (p. 51) What he’s saying here is that cyber policies should consider future generations, not just us users here in the present. Decisions about infrastructure, and data systems etc should be made with awareness of long term impact.