Cybercrimes have grown in masses throughout the information age. With a lack of legal interpretation and laws influencing the governance of cybercrimes, attackers have continued to prey on innocent individuals. Social science has led to the development of political instability and injustice. Governments have been scared to issue laws under the pretense of violating privacy or staying elected. They have allowed their policies to benefit themselves instead of their citizens or the international community. Weak governments have led to lawless societies that punish innocent individuals. Governments need to implement adequate laws and guidelines to punish and prevent cybercrimes of all types to protect individuals of all nations.

            Cybercrimes in Iraq have been continuing to plague the country. With a weak government and political instability, Iraq has failed to protect its citizens and targeted individuals of foreign countries. Iraq’s cyber laws are weakly described and lack proper punishment for cybercrimes. The government has been unable to track cybercrimes and cannot determine the amount of attacks that occur within the country. Following the wars of the past decades, Iraq has finally embraced and caught up in the digital age. The government has rejected cybercrime bills as they view it as limiting free speech, leaving hollow laws that are almost “for show” to the international community. Iraq’s failure to adopt new cybercrime laws leaves the international community open to attackers who won’t be punished. A lot of individuals within Iraq have a deep hatred for Americans because of the American-Iraq war that occurred in 2003. The war led to a weak government that has allowed these cybercrimes to occur. This source details how the past decades have set Iraq up as a lawless cybercrime hotspot as the government fails its duties to pass laws and protect its people and those internationally. Without proper laws, Iraq will continue to cause harm to others.

            Indonesia and the United States both face challenges within the cyber field. Indonesia has been attempting to cut back against cybercriminals but has ultimately failed to do so, eliciting a growing number of attacks within the country. Indonesian police have been trying to detect and prosecute cybercriminals. The country’s lack of modern technology and outdated laws have hindered its law enforcement and been affecting its population with cyberattacks. Indonesia’s police force lacks proper training and resources contrary to the United States. The United States is at the forefront of modern cyber laws and technology. The United States law enforcement is properly trained, and equipped, and has adequate laws preventing cybercrimes. Indonesia needs to assist its law enforcement by producing proper laws allowing them to properly convict and catch cyber criminals within the country. Their government’s failure to do so has allowed cybercriminals to attack its own citizens and individuals internationally. Indonesia can look to the United States as an example of laws and training to give to its law enforcement. Indonesia can take part in international training exercises that can bolster its law enforcement. This article highlights the importance of a government keeping its law enforcement up to date. Indonesia needs to help themselves and the international community prepare themselves for the ever increasing digital age.

            Indonesia, Malaysia, and South Korea all have laws differing when it comes to defamation. Indonesia has virtually no laws when it comes to online harassment and defamation. The government has failed to protect its citizens online. Indonesia only has one law, ITE law, that can affect those who commit cyber crimes. They have no specific laws that target defamation. The government’s failure to produce this proper law in the digital age has left Indonesian citizens open to devastating personal attacks. South Korea has similar laws to Indonesia, yet they are more described. South Korean citizens cannot broadcast any information that violates a person’s rights. Malaysian laws are very defined and strict. Malaysia uses its MPC code and emphasizes examples to protect its citizens and give clear guidelines. Indonesia and Korea’s governments have allowed their citizens little to no protection against defamation. Their weak policies allow individuals to become victimized and harmed. They can observe Malaysia’s laws against defamation to assist in their fight against cybercrimes. These three governments all demonstrate different laws regarding defamation. These governments must protect their citizens and others internationally by passing proper laws. This article details how these three government laws relate as it refers to defamation through the media. These governments all have different deciding factors as to why they pass their laws. Each population within the country has a different culture and it directly correlates as the way they view defamation. 

            Women in Iraq are more open to cyberbullying and discrimination. Iraq’s political and cultural landscape views women less and differently than other countries. Women are viewed down upon when using social media and most of these rights are newly given to them. Iraq’s government has been improving for women but it has been a slow process. Women do not possess the same rights as men in Iraq or women from other countries. The women in Iraq have been targeted specifically and there are no laws to prevent these attacks. Iraq must pass laws protecting its women from harm on the internet. The Iraqi government is a male-dominated society and won’t pass laws as they fear they will be thrown out of office for supporting women’s rights. They allow these actions to occur to secure the legitimacy of their government. Their government is viewed as weak after the war and only secures half its population to maintain its power. Iraq needs to properly secure all of its citizens and stop the harassment of women in their society. This article highlights how social factors have led the government to abandon half its population. They need to focus on all of their citizen’s rights instead of their desired power.

            All four of the articles show how weak governments have led to the abuse of their citizens through cybercrimes. Iraq’s government only acts on its self-interests, leaving its own citizens vulnerable and allowing cybercrime to run rampant through the country. Indonesia and South Korea need to modernize their laws to protect their citizens from harassment and bullying. They only seek to remain in control by not passing laws that they believe will cause uproar in their prospective countries. All these countries can look at Malaysia and the United States as examples of how to deal with the modern digital age.

References

Ali, S. H., et al. (2022). The Darkfield of Cybercrime: Can Survey Data Reduce Administrative Data. International Journal of Cyber Criminology. Retrieved June 20, 2024, from https://cybercrimejournal.com/menuscript/index.php/cybercrimejournal/article/view/190/72

Fakhrou, A. A., et al. (2022). Cybercrime Risk Fear Among University Students’ Social Networking Sites: Validity and Reliability. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 16(1). Retrieved June 20, 2024, from https://cybercrimejournal.com/menuscript/index.php/cybercrimejournal/article/view/199/75

Faqir, R. S. A., et al. (2024). Digital Criminal Investigations in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Overview. International Journal of Cyber Criminology. Retrieved June 20, 2024, from https://cybercrimejournal.com/menuscript/index.php/cybercrimejournal/article/view/186/68

Imran, M. F., et al. (2023). Cyber Criminology: An analysis of the Indonesian and the United States Police Perception. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 17(2). Retrieved June 20, 2024, from https://cybercrimejournal.com/menuscript/index.php/cybercrimejournal/article/view/224/85